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American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) definitions of levels of sedation/anesthesia

American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) definitions of levels of sedation/anesthesia
1. Minimal sedation (anxiolysis)

a. Drug-induced sedation

b. Patient responds normally to verbal commands

c. Cognitive and motor function may be impaired

d. Ventilatory and cardiovascular functions maintained normally
2. Moderate sedation/analgesia (conscious sedation)

a. Drug-induced sedation

b. Patient responds purposefully to verbal commands either alone or with light tactile stimulation

c. Patient maintains a patent airway and spontaneous ventilation

d. Cardiovascular function maintained
3. Deep sedation/analgesia

a. Drug-induced sedation

b. Patient cannot be easily aroused but can respond purposefully to repeated or painful stimulation

c. Ventilatory function may be impaired, requiring assistance in maintaining a patent airway, and spontaneous ventilation may be inadequate

d. Cardiovascular function is usually maintained

4. General anesthesia

a. Drug-induced loss of consciousness

b. Patients are not aroused by painful stimulation

c. Ventilatory function is often impaired; patient may require assistance in maintaining a patent airway

d. Spontaneous ventilation may be impaired, as well as neuromuscular functioning

e. Positive pressure ventilation is often required

f. Cardiovascular function may be impaired
Definitions of levels of sedation/anesthesia by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (adopted October 13, 1999, by the House of Delegates).
Reproduced with permission from: Hausman LM, Rosenblatt MA. Office-Based Anesthesia. In: Clinical Anesthesia, 7th ed, Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK, et al (Eds), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 2013. Copyright © 2013 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. www.lww.com.
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