Version May 2024
Dosage guidance:
Dosing: Adjust dose depending upon condition being treated and response of patient. Use the lowest possible dose to control the condition; when dose reduction is possible, reduce gradually.
Dermatoses (steroid-responsive): Acetonide: Note: Available preparations may be further diluted using appropriate diluents (eg, NS or lidocaine) to concentrations (eg, 1 to 10 mg/mL) appropriate for the lesion. (Mathes 2021; Richards 2010).
Intralesional: Initial dose varies depending on the specific disease and lesion being treated; for larger treatment areas some experts recommend not to exceed 40 mg per treatment session (Messenger 2021); may be repeated every 3 to 4 weeks or less frequently (eg, every 6 weeks); multiple sites may be injected if they are ≥1 cm apart (Mathes 2021; Messenger 2021; Richards 2010; manufacturer’s labeling).
Gout, treatment, acute flares:
Note: Avoid use in patients with known or suspected septic arthritis (Gaffo 2023).
Intra-articular: Acetonide: Note: Consider in patients with gout flare limited to 1 or 2 affected joints; clinicians must have sufficient expertise to perform arthrocentesis and injection (ACR [FitzGerald 2020]; Gaffo 2023). May mix with an equal volume of local anesthetic (Cardone 2002; Roberts 2021). Dose is individualized based on joint size, disease severity, and clinician judgment (Gaffo 2023). Typical doses are:
Large joint (eg, knee): 40 mg as a single dose (Gaffo 2023).
Medium joint (eg, wrist, ankle, elbow): 30 mg as a single dose (Gaffo 2023).
Small joint (eg, toe, finger): 10 mg as a single dose (Gaffo 2023).
IM (alternative route): Acetonide (use Kenalog-40 or Kenalog-80): Note: Reserve for patients who are not candidates for oral therapies or intra-articular glucocorticoid administration.
Initial: 40 to 60 mg as a single dose; may repeat at ≥48-hour intervals if benefit fades or there is no flare resolution (Alloway 1993; Gaffo 2023; Siegel 1994).
Inflammatory/allergic conditions/other steroid-responsive systemic conditions: Acetonide (use Kenalog-40 or Kenalog-80): IM: Initial: 60 mg; adjust dose to a range of 40 to 80 mg. For patients with hay fever or pollen asthma who are not responding to pollen administration and other conventional therapy, a single injection of 40 to 100 mg per season may be given.
Multiple sclerosis (acute exacerbation):
Note: Treatment guidelines recommend the use of high dose IV or oral methylprednisolone for acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis (AAN [Scott 2011]; NICE 2014).
Acetonide (use Kenalog-40 or Kenalog-80): IM: 160 mg daily for 1 week, followed by 64 mg every other day for 1 month.
Rheumatic conditions (excluding acute gout flares):
Intra-articular (or similar injection as designated): Note: Dose ranges per manufacturer's labeling. Specific dose is determined based upon joint size, severity of inflammation, amount of articular fluid present, and clinician judgment.
Acetonide: Intra-articular, intrabursal, tendon sheaths: Initial: Smaller joints: 2.5 to 5 mg, larger joints: 5 to 15 mg; may require up to 10 mg for small joints and up to 40 mg for large joints; maximum dose/treatment (several joints at one time): 80 mg.
Zilretta only: Intra-articular: Single dose: 32 mg. Note: For osteoarthritis (OA) pain of the knee only (use for OA pain of shoulder and hip have not been evaluated); use is not suitable for small joints (eg, hand). Safety and efficacy of repeat administration have not been adequately demonstrated.
Hexacetonide: Note: Due to an ongoing shortage of triamcinolone hexacetonide in the United States, the FDA has temporarily authorized the importation of Hexatrione 2% injectable suspension (40 mg/2 mL).
Intra -articular: Average dose: 2 to 20 mg; smaller joints (interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal): 2 to 6 mg; large joints (knee, hip, shoulder): 10 to 20 mg. Frequency of injection into a single joint is every 3 to 4 weeks as necessary; to avoid possible joint destruction use as infrequently as possible.
IM: Acetonide (use Kenalog-40 or Kenalog-80): Initial: 60 mg; range: 2.5 to 100 mg/day.
Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling; use with caution.
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling; use with caution.
Refer to adult dosing.
(For additional information see "Triamcinolone (systemic): Pediatric drug information")
Dosage guidance:
Dosing: Adjust dose depending upon condition being treated and response of patient. The lowest possible dose should be used to control the condition; when dose reduction is possible, the dose should be reduced gradually.
General dosing, treatment of inflammatory and allergic conditions:
Children and Adolescents: Triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog-40): IM: Initial: 0.11 to 1.6 mg/kg/day (or 3.2 to 48 mg/m2/day) in 3 to 4 divided doses.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), other rheumatic conditions:
Triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog-10, -40, or -80): Children and Adolescents: Intra-articular: Initial: Smaller joints: 2.5 to 5 mg, larger joints: 5 to 15 mg; maximum dose/treatment (several joints at one time): 20 to 80 mg.
Canadian labeling: Triamcinolone hexacetonide (Canadian product; not available in the US):
Children 3 to 12 years: Intra-articular:
Large joints (knees, hips, shoulders): 1 mg/kg/dose.
Small joints (ankles, wrists, elbows): 0.5 mg/kg/dose.
Hands and feet:
Metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joints: 1 to 2 mg/dose.
Proximal interphalangeal joints: 0.6 to 1 mg/dose.
Adolescents: Intra-articular: Average dose: 2 to 20 mg/dose every 3 to 4 weeks as necessary; to avoid possible joint destruction use as infrequently as possible. Dose dependent upon degree of inflammation and joint involved:
Large joints (knee, hip, shoulder): 10 to 20 mg/dose.
Smaller joints (interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal): 2 to 6 mg/dose.
Infantile hemangioma, severe: Limited data available: Infants and Children ≤49 months: Triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog-10 or -40): Intralesional: Dosage dependent upon size of lesion: Commonly reported: 1 to 2 mg/kg/dose administered in divided doses along the lesion perimeter ~monthly (4 to 5 weeks most frequently reported interval); a maximum dose up to 30 mg/dose has been used; others have reported: 1 to 30 mg of the 10 mg/mL acetonide injection divided into multiple injections along the lesion; has also been used in combination with betamethasone intralesional injections (AAP [Darrow 2015]; Chen 2000; Maguiness 2012; Pandey 2009; Prasetyono 2011). From the largest reported experience (n=1,514; age range: 1 to 49 months), triamcinolone (1 to 2 mg/kg once every month) alone or in combination with oral corticosteroid (if no response after 6 injections of monotherapy) showed lesion size decrease of 50% or more in 90.3% of infants (age <1 year) and 80% in those >1 year (Pandey 2009). Another trial (n=155; age range at first injection: 2 to 12 months) which used 1 to 30 mg of a 10 mg/mL concentration administered approximately once monthly (mean interval: 5 weeks) for 3 to 6 months showed lesion size decreased by at least 50% in 85% of the patients (Chen 2000).
Dermatoses (steroid-responsive, including contact/atopic dermatitis):
Triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog-10): Intradermal: Adolescents: Up to 1 mg per injection site and may be repeated 1 or more times weekly; multiple sites may be injected if they are 1 cm or more apart, not to exceed 30 mg.
Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy: Significant drug interactions exist, requiring dose/frequency adjustment or avoidance. Consult drug interactions database for more information.
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling.
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling.
The following adverse drug reactions and incidences are derived from product labeling unless otherwise specified. Most reactions listed are based on reports for other agents in this same pharmacologic class and may not be specifically reported for systemic triamcinolone.
1% to 10%:
Hematologic & oncologic: Bruise (extended release: 2%)
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Joint swelling (extended release: 3%)
Respiratory: Cough (extended release: 2%), sinusitis (extended release: 2%)
Frequency not defined:
Cardiovascular: Bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac failure, cardiomegaly, cerebrovascular accident, circulatory shock, edema, embolism (fat), hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (premature infants), myocardial rupture (following recent myocardial infarction), syncope, tachycardia, thromboembolism, thrombophlebitis, vasculitis
Dermatologic: Acne vulgaris, allergic dermatitis, atrophic striae, diaphoresis, ecchymoses, epidermal thinning, erythema of skin, exfoliation of skin, hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, hypopigmentation, inadvertent suppression of skin test reaction, skin atrophy, skin rash, subcutaneous atrophy, thinning hair, urticaria, xeroderma
Endocrine & metabolic: Calcinosis, decreased glucose tolerance, decreased serum potassium, diabetes mellitus, drug-induced Cushing's syndrome, fluid retention, glycosuria, growth retardation, hirsutism, impaired glucose tolerance/prediabetes, insulin resistance, menstrual disease, moon face, negative nitrogen balance, pituitary insufficiency, redistribution of body fat, secondary adrenocortical insufficiency, sodium retention, weight gain
Gastrointestinal: Abdominal distention, change in bowel habits, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, gastrointestinal perforation, hiccups, increased appetite, nausea, pancreatitis, peptic ulcer, ulcerative esophagitis
Genitourinary: Bladder dysfunction, postmenopausal bleeding, spermatozoa disorder
Hematologic & oncologic: Nonthrombocytopenic purpura, petechia, purpuric rash
Hepatic: Hepatomegaly, increased liver enzymes
Hypersensitivity: Anaphylaxis, angioedema
Infection: Increased susceptibility to infection, infection, sterile abscess
Local: Post-injection flare
Nervous system: Abnormal sensory symptoms, arachnoiditis, depression, emotional lability, euphoria, headache, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (upon discontinuation), increased intracranial pressure, insomnia, malaise, meningitis, mood changes, myasthenia, neuritis, neuropathy, paraplegia, paresthesia, personality changes, psychiatric disturbance, quadriplegia, seizure, spinal cord infarction, vertigo
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Amyotrophy, aseptic necrosis of femoral head, aseptic necrosis of humeral head, bone fracture, Charcot arthropathy, lupus erythematous-like rash, osteoporosis, rupture of tendon, steroid myopathy, vertebral compression fracture
Ophthalmic: Blindness (periocular; rare), cataract (including subcapsular posterior cataract), cortical blindness, exophthalmos, glaucoma, increased intraocular pressure, papilledema
Renal: Increased urine calcium excretion
Respiratory: Pulmonary edema
Miscellaneous: Wound healing impairment
Postmarketing:
Dermatologic: Pruritus
Endocrine & metabolic: Increased serum glucose (in diabetic patients)
Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity reactions
Local: Discomfort at injection site, pain at injection site
Nervous system: Pain
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Arthralgia, joint effusion, lower extremity pain, muscle spasm, septic arthritis
Triamcinolone acetonide: Hypersensitivity to triamcinolone or any component of the formulation; immune thrombocytopenia (formerly known as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura) (IM administration only)
Canadian labeling: Additional contraindications (not in US labeling): Systemic infections; injection into infected areas
Triamcinolone hexacetonide [Canadian product]: Hypersensitivity to triamcinolone or any component of the formulation; acute psychoses; tuberculosis (TB) disease (active TB); herpes simplex keratitis; systemic mycoses; parasitosis (strongyloides infections); children <3 years of age (due to benzyl alcohol); epidural or intrathecal administration
Concerns related to adverse effects:
• Adrenal suppression: May cause hypercortisolism or suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, particularly in younger children or in patients receiving high doses for prolonged periods. HPA axis suppression may lead to adrenal crisis. Withdrawal and discontinuation of a corticosteroid should be done slowly and carefully. Particular care is required when patients are transferred from systemic corticosteroids to inhaled products due to possible adrenal insufficiency or withdrawal from steroids, including an increase in allergic symptoms. Adult patients receiving >20 mg per day of prednisone (or equivalent) may be most susceptible. Fatalities have occurred due to adrenal insufficiency in asthmatic patients during and after transfer from systemic corticosteroids to aerosol steroids; aerosol steroids do not provide the systemic steroid needed to treat patients having trauma, surgery, or infections.
• Anaphylactoid reactions: Rare cases of anaphylactoid reactions have been observed in patients receiving corticosteroids. Cases of serious anaphylaxis, including death, have been reported with triamcinolone acetonide.
• Dermal changes: Atrophy at the injection site has been reported. Avoid IM deltoid injection; subcutaneous atrophy may occur.
• Immunosuppression: Prolonged use of corticosteroids may also increase the incidence of secondary infection, cause activation of latent infections, mask acute infection (including fungal infections), prolong or exacerbate viral infections, or limit response to killed or inactivated vaccines. Exposure to chickenpox or measles should be avoided; corticosteroids should not be used to treat ocular herpes simplex, cerebral malaria, fungal infections, or viral hepatitis. Close observation is required in patients with tuberculosis (TB) infection (latent TB) and/or TB reactivity; restrict use in TB disease (active TB) (only fulminating or disseminated TB in conjunction with antituberculosis treatment). Amebiasis should be ruled out in any patient with recent travel to tropic climates or unexplained diarrhea prior to initiation of corticosteroids. Use with extreme caution in patients with Strongyloides infections; hyperinfection, dissemination, and fatalities have occurred.
• Kaposi sarcoma: Prolonged treatment with corticosteroids has been associated with the development of Kaposi sarcoma (case reports); if noted, discontinuation of therapy should be considered (Goedert 2002).
• Myopathy: Acute myopathy has been reported with high-dose corticosteroids, usually in patients with neuromuscular transmission disorders or when given concomitantly with neuromuscular blocking agents; may involve ocular and/or respiratory muscles; monitor creatine kinase; recovery may be delayed.
• Psychiatric disturbances: Corticosteroid use may cause psychiatric disturbances, including euphoria, insomnia, mood swings, and personality changes to severe depression and frank psychotic manifestations. Preexisting psychiatric conditions may be exacerbated by corticosteroid use.
• Septic arthritis: May occur as a complication to intra-articular or soft tissue administration; institute appropriate antimicrobial therapy as required.
Disease-related concerns:
• Cardiovascular disease: Use with caution in patients with HF and/or hypertension; use has been associated with fluid retention, electrolyte disturbances, and hypertension. Use with caution following acute MI; corticosteroids have been associated with myocardial rupture.
• Diabetes: Use corticosteroids with caution in patients with diabetes mellitus; may alter glucose production/regulation leading to hyperglycemia.
• Gastrointestinal disease: Use with caution or avoid use in patients with GI diseases (diverticulosis, diverticulitis, fresh intestinal anastomoses, active or latent peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis, abscess or other pyogenic infection) due to perforation risk.
• Head injury: Increased mortality was observed in patients receiving high-dose IV methylprednisolone; high-dose corticosteroids should not be used for the management of head injury.
• Hepatic impairment: Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment, including cirrhosis; long-term use has been associated with fluid retention.
• Myasthenia gravis: Use may cause transient worsening of myasthenia gravis (MG) (eg, within first 2 weeks of treatment); monitor for worsening MG (AAN [Narayanaswami 2021]).
• Ocular disease: Use with caution in patients with cataracts and/or glaucoma; increased intraocular pressure, open-angle glaucoma, and cataracts have occurred with prolonged use. Use with caution in patients with a history of ocular herpes simplex; corneal perforation has occurred; do not use in active ocular herpes simplex. Not recommended for the treatment of optic neuritis; may increase frequency of new episodes. Consider routine eye exams in chronic users.
• Osteoporosis: Use with caution in patients with osteoporosis; high doses and/or long-term use of corticosteroids have been associated with increased bone loss and osteoporotic fractures.
• Renal impairment: Use with caution in patients with renal impairment; fluid retention may occur.
• Seizure disorders: Use corticosteroids with caution in patients with a history of seizure disorder; seizures have been reported with adrenal crisis.
• Systemic sclerosis: Use with caution in patients with systemic sclerosis; an increase in scleroderma renal crisis incidence has been observed with corticosteroid use. Monitor BP and renal function in patients with systemic sclerosis treated with corticosteroids (EULAR [Kowal-Bielecka 2017]).
• Thyroid disease: Changes in thyroid status may necessitate dosage adjustments; metabolic clearance of corticosteroids increases in hyperthyroid patients and decreases in hypothyroid ones.
Special populations:
• Older adult: Use with caution in the elderly with the smallest possible effective dose for the shortest duration.
• Pediatric: May affect growth velocity; growth should be routinely monitored in pediatric patients.
Dosage form specific issues:
• Benzyl alcohol and derivatives: Some dosage forms may contain benzyl alcohol; large amounts of benzyl alcohol (≥99 mg/kg/day) have been associated with a potentially fatal toxicity (“gasping syndrome”) in neonates; the “gasping syndrome” consists of metabolic acidosis, respiratory distress, gasping respirations, CNS dysfunction (including convulsions, intracranial hemorrhage), hypotension, and cardiovascular collapse (AAP ["Inactive" 1997], CDC 1982); some data suggests that benzoate displaces bilirubin from protein binding sites (Ahlfors 2001); avoid or use dosage forms containing benzyl alcohol with caution in neonates. See manufacturer's labeling.
• Polysorbate 80: Some dosage forms may contain polysorbate 80 (also known as Tweens). Hypersensitivity reactions, usually a delayed reaction, have been reported following exposure to pharmaceutical products containing polysorbate 80 in certain individuals (Isaksson 2002, Lucente 2000, Shelley 1995). Thrombocytopenia, ascites, pulmonary deterioration, and renal and hepatic failure have been reported in premature neonates after receiving parenteral products containing polysorbate 80 (Alade 1986; CDC 1984). See manufacturer's labeling.
Other warnings/precautions:
• Appropriate administration: Administer products only via recommended route (depending on product used). Do not administer any triamcinolone product via the intrathecal route; serious adverse events, including fatalities, have been reported following intrathecal administration of corticosteroids.
• Discontinuation of therapy: Withdraw therapy with gradual tapering of dose.
• Epidural injection: Corticosteroids are not approved for epidural injection. Serious neurologic events (eg, spinal cord infarction, paraplegia, quadriplegia, cortical blindness, stroke), some resulting in death, have been reported with epidural injection of corticosteroids, with and without use of fluoroscopy.
• Intra-articular injection: May result in damage to joint tissues. Avoid injection into an infected site; injection into a previously infected joint is not usually recommended. Injection into unstable joints is generally not recommended. Examine any joint fluid present to exclude a septic process.
• Stress: Patients may require higher doses when subject to stress (ie, trauma, surgery, severe infection).
Adrenal suppression with failure to thrive has been reported in infants and young children receiving intralesional corticosteroid injections for the treatment of infantile hemangioma; failure to gain weight may persist until HPA axis recovers; time to recovery of adrenal function may be prolonged (mean: 19.5 weeks; range 4 to 65 weeks) (DeBoer 2008; Morkane 2011). May cause osteoporosis (at any age) or inhibition of bone growth in pediatric patients. Use with caution in patients with osteoporosis. In a population-based study of children, risk of fracture was shown to be increased with >4 courses of corticosteroids; underlying clinical condition may also impact bone health and osteoporotic effect of corticosteroids (Leonard 2007). Tissue atrophy at the site of IM injection has been reported; avoid intramuscular injections into the deltoid area. Cutaneous atrophy was reported in 2.5% of pediatric patients when given intra-articularly (Bloom 2011). Prevention of periarticular subcutaneous atrophy via injecting small amounts of saline into the joint and applying pressure following the injection has been recommended (Hashkes 2005).
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Suspension, Injection, as acetonide:
Kenalog: 10 mg/mL (5 mL); 40 mg/mL (1 mL, 5 mL, 10 mL) [contains benzyl alcohol, polysorbate 80]
Kenalog-80: 80 mg/mL (1 mL, 5 mL) [contains benzyl alcohol, polysorbate 80]
Generic: 40 mg/mL (1 mL, 5 mL, 10 mL)
Suspension, Intra-articular, as hexacetonide:
Hexatrione: 20 mg/mL (2 mL) [contains benzyl alcohol, polysorbate 80]
Suspension Reconstituted ER, Intra-articular, as acetonide:
Zilretta: 32 mg (1 ea) [contains polysorbate 80]
May be product dependent
Kit (Pro-C-Dure 5 Injection)
2 X 40 mg/mL (per each): $600.49
Kit (Pro-C-Dure 6 Injection)
3 X 40 mg/mL (per each): $736.45
Suspension (Hexatrione Intra-articular)
20 mg/mL (per mL): $39.00
Suspension (Kenalog Injection)
10 mg/mL (per mL): $2.90
40 mg/mL (per mL): $11.40
Suspension (Kenalog-80 Injection)
80 mg/mL (per mL): $22.46
Suspension (Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection)
40 mg/mL (per mL): $6.30 - $10.67
Suspension Reconstituted ER (Zilretta Intra-articular)
32 mg (per each): $777.40
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Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling. [DSC] = Discontinued product
Suspension, Injection, as acetonide:
Kenalog-10: 10 mg/mL (5 mL)
Kenalog-40: 40 mg/mL (1 mL, 5 mL)
Generic: 10 mg/mL ([DSC]); 40 mg/mL (1 mL, 5 mL)
Suspension, Injection, as hexacetonide:
Trispan: 20 mg/mL (1 mL) [contains benzyl alcohol, polysorbate 80]
Shake well before use to ensure suspension is uniform. Inspect visually to ensure no clumping; administer immediately after withdrawal so settling does not occur in the syringe. Do not administer any product IV or via the epidural or intrathecal route.
Acetonide:
Kenalog-10 injection: For intra-articular or intralesional administration only. When administered intralesionally, inject directly into the lesion (ie, into the mid-dermis). One mL syringes with a 30-gauge needle are preferable for intralesional injections (Mathes 2021).
Kenalog-40 and Kenalog-80 injection: For intra-articular, intralesional (off-label route), soft tissue or IM administration. When administered intralesionally, inject directly into the lesion (ie, into the mid-dermis). One mL syringes with a 30-gauge needle are preferable for intralesional injections (Mathes 2021). When administered IM, inject deep into the gluteal muscle using a minimum needle length of 11/2 inches. Obese patients may require a longer needle. Alternate sites for subsequent injections. Avoid IM injections into deltoid area.
Zilretta injection: For intra-articular administration only. Prepare suspension only using the diluent supplied in the kit (refer to manufacturer labeling for preparation instructions and administration techniques). Promptly inject after preparation. If needed, may store suspension in the vial ≤4 hours at ambient conditions; gently swirl vial to resuspend any settled microspheres prior to preparing syringe for injection. Aspiration of synovial fluid may be performed based on clinical judgment prior to administration.
Hexacetonide [Canadian product]: For intra-articular and soft tissue administration only; use a 25- or 26-gauge needle.
Note: Due to an ongoing shortage of triamcinolone hexacetonide in the United States, the FDA has temporarily authorized the importation of Hexatrione 2% injectable suspension (40 mg/2 mL). According to the manufacturer, Hexatrione is for intra-articular administration only and should NOT be injected into soft tissue (synovial tendon sheaths, entheses). Additional administration-related information is available at https://www.fda.gov/media/154709/download.
Parenteral: Shake well before use to ensure suspension is uniform. Inspect visually to ensure no clumping; administer immediately after withdrawal so settling does not occur in the syringe. Do not administer any product IV or via the epidural or intrathecal route.
Acetonide:
Kenalog-10 injection: For intra-articular or intralesional administration only. When administered intralesionally, inject directly into the lesion (ie, intradermally or subcutaneously). Tuberculin syringes with a 23- to 25-gauge needle are preferable for intralesional injections. For infantile hemangioma, 27- and 30-gauge needles have been used (Chen 2000; Prasetyono 2011).
Kenalog-40, -80 injection: For intra-articular, soft tissue or IM administration. When administered IM, inject deep into the gluteal muscle using a minimum needle length of 11/2 inches for adults. Obese patients may require a longer needle. Alternate sites for subsequent injections. Avoid IM injections into deltoid area.
Hexacetonide [Canadian product]: For intra-articular and soft tissue administration only; use a 25- or 26-gauge needle.
Certain lesions (intralesional administration with triamcinolone acetonide [Kenalog-10]): Note: Other concentrations (ie, Kenalog-40 and Kenalog-80) may also be used off label; may require further dilution using appropriate diluents to concentrations appropriate for the lesion (Mathes 2021):
Alopecia areata; discoid lupus erythematosus; keloids; localized hypertrophic, infiltrated, inflammatory lesions of granuloma annulare, lichen planus, lichen simplex chronicus (neurodermatitis), and psoriatic plaques; necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum; cystic tumors of an aponeurosis or tendon (ganglia).
Inflammatory joint diseases (subacute and chronic) (intra-articular or soft tissue administration with triamcinolone acetonide [Kenalog-10, Kenalog-40, Kenalog-80] or triamcinolone hexacetonide [Canadian product]):
Acute gouty arthritis, synovitis, tendinopathy, bursitis, epicondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), osteoarthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis.
Other conditions (IM administration with triamcinolone acetonide [Kenalog-40 or Kenalog-80]):
Allergic states: Control of severe or incapacitating allergic conditions intractable to adequate trials of conventional treatment in asthma, drug hypersensitivity reactions, perennial or seasonal allergic rhinitis, serum sickness, or transfusion reactions.
Dermatologic diseases: Atopic dermatitis, bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, contact dermatitis, exfoliative erythroderma, mycosis fungoides, pemphigus, or severe erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson syndrome).
Endocrine disorders: Primary or secondary adrenocortical insufficiency (hydrocortisone or cortisone is the drug of choice), congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypercalcemia associated with cancer, or nonsuppurative thyroiditis.
GI diseases: To tide the patient over a critical period of disease in Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis.
Hematologic disorders: Acquired (autoimmune) hemolytic anemia, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, pure red cell aplasia, select cases of secondary thrombocytopenia.
Neoplastic diseases: Palliative management of leukemias and lymphomas.
Nervous system: Acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis; cerebral edema associated with primary or metastatic brain tumor or craniotomy. Note: Treatment guidelines recommend the use of high dose IV or oral methylprednisolone for acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis (AAN [Scott 2011]; NICE 2014).
Ophthalmic diseases: Sympathetic ophthalmia, temporal arteritis, uveitis, and ocular inflammatory conditions unresponsive to topical corticosteroids.
Renal diseases: To induce diuresis or remission of proteinuria in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome or that is caused by lupus erythematosus.
Respiratory diseases: Berylliosis, fulminating or disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis when used concurrently with appropriate antituberculous chemotherapy, idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonias, symptomatic sarcoidosis.
Rheumatic disorders: As adjunctive therapy for short-term administration in acute gout flares; acute rheumatic carditis; ankylosing spondylitis; psoriatic arthritis; RA, including juvenile RA; treatment of dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Miscellaneous: Trichinosis with neurologic or myocardial involvement; tuberculous meningitis with subarachnoid block or impending block when used with appropriate antituberculous chemotherapy.
Kenalog may be confused with Ketalar
TAC (occasional abbreviation for triamcinolone) is an error-prone abbreviation (mistaken as tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine)
Substrate of CYP3A4 (minor); Note: Assignment of Major/Minor substrate status based on clinically relevant drug interaction potential
Note: Interacting drugs may not be individually listed below if they are part of a group interaction (eg, individual drugs within “CYP3A4 Inducers [Strong]” are NOT listed). For a complete list of drug interactions by individual drug name and detailed management recommendations, use the Lexicomp drug interactions program by clicking on the “Launch drug interactions program” link above.
Abrocitinib: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Abrocitinib. Management: The use of abrocitinib in combination with other immunosuppressants is not recommended. Doses equivalent to more than 2 mg/kg or 20 mg/day of prednisone (for persons over 10 kg) administered for 2 or more weeks are considered immunosuppressive. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Increased muscular weakness may occur. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Aldesleukin: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Aldesleukin. Risk X: Avoid combination
Amphotericin B: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Amphotericin B. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Androgens: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the fluid-retaining effect of Androgens. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Antidiabetic Agents: Hyperglycemia-Associated Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Antidiabetic Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Antithymocyte Globulin (Equine): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Antithymocyte Globulin (Equine). Specifically, these effects may be unmasked if the dose of systemic corticosteroid is reduced. Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Antithymocyte Globulin (Equine). Specifically, infections may occur with greater severity and/or atypical presentations. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Baricitinib: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Baricitinib. Management: The use of baricitinib in combination with potent immunosuppressants is not recommended. Doses equivalent to more than 2 mg/kg or 20 mg/day of prednisone (for persons over 10 kg) administered for 2 or more weeks are considered immunosuppressive. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
BCG Products: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of BCG Products. Specifically, the risk of vaccine-associated infection may be increased. Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of BCG Products. Risk X: Avoid combination
Brincidofovir: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Brincidofovir. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Brivudine: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk X: Avoid combination
Calcitriol (Systemic): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Calcitriol (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
CAR-T Cell Immunotherapy: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of CAR-T Cell Immunotherapy. Specifically, the severity and duration of neurologic toxicities may be increased. Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of CAR-T Cell Immunotherapy. Management: Avoid use of corticosteroids as premedication before treatment with CAR-T cell immunotherapy agents. Corticosteroids are indicated and may be required for treatment of toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome or neurologic toxicity. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Chikungunya Vaccine (Live): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Chikungunya Vaccine (Live). Specifically, the risk of vaccine-associated infection may be increased. Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Chikungunya Vaccine (Live). Risk X: Avoid combination
Cladribine: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Cladribine. Risk X: Avoid combination
Coccidioides immitis Skin Test: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the diagnostic effect of Coccidioides immitis Skin Test. Management: Consider discontinuing systemic corticosteroids (dosed at 2 mg/kg or 20 mg/day of prednisone (for persons over 10 kg) administered for 2 or more weeks) several weeks prior to coccidioides immitis skin antigen testing. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Corticorelin: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Corticorelin. Specifically, the plasma ACTH response to corticorelin may be blunted by recent or current corticosteroid therapy. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Cosyntropin: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the diagnostic effect of Cosyntropin. Risk C: Monitor therapy
COVID-19 Vaccine (Adenovirus Vector): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of COVID-19 Vaccine (Adenovirus Vector). Management: Administer a 2nd dose using an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (at least 4 weeks after the primary vaccine dose) and a bivalent booster dose (at least 2 months after the additional mRNA dose or any other boosters) Risk D: Consider therapy modification
COVID-19 Vaccine (Inactivated Virus): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of COVID-19 Vaccine (Inactivated Virus). Risk C: Monitor therapy
COVID-19 Vaccine (mRNA): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of COVID-19 Vaccine (mRNA). Management: Give a 3-dose primary series for all patients aged 6 months and older taking immunosuppressive medications or therapies. Booster doses are recommended for certain age groups. See CDC guidance for details. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
COVID-19 Vaccine (Subunit): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of COVID-19 Vaccine (Subunit). Risk C: Monitor therapy
COVID-19 Vaccine (Virus-like Particles): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of COVID-19 Vaccine (Virus-like Particles). Risk C: Monitor therapy
CYP3A4 Inducers (Strong): May decrease the serum concentration of Triamcinolone (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Strong): May increase the serum concentration of Triamcinolone (Systemic). Management: Consider alternatives to this combination when possible. If combined, monitor for increased corticosteroid adverse effects during coadministration of triamcinolone and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Deferasirox: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Deferasirox. Specifically, the risk for GI ulceration/irritation or GI bleeding may be increased. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Dengue Tetravalent Vaccine (Live): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Dengue Tetravalent Vaccine (Live). Specifically, the risk of vaccine associated infection may be increased. Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Dengue Tetravalent Vaccine (Live). Risk X: Avoid combination
Denosumab: May enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Management: Consider the risk of serious infections versus the potential benefits of coadministration of denosumab and systemic corticosteroids. If combined, monitor patients for signs/symptoms of serious infections. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Desirudin: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Desirudin. More specifically, corticosteroids may increase hemorrhagic risk during desirudin treatment. Management: Discontinue treatment with systemic corticosteroids prior to desirudin initiation. If concomitant use cannot be avoided, monitor patients receiving these combinations closely for clinical and laboratory evidence of excessive anticoagulation. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Desmopressin: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the hyponatremic effect of Desmopressin. Risk X: Avoid combination
Deucravacitinib: May enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Management: The use of deucravacitinib in combination with potent immunosuppressants is not recommended. Doses equivalent to more than 2 mg/kg or 20 mg/day of prednisone (for persons over 10 kg) administered for 2 or more weeks are considered immunosuppressive. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Estrogen Derivatives: May increase the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Etrasimod: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Etrasimod. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Filgotinib: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Filgotinib. Management: Coadministration of filgotinib with systemic corticosteroids at doses equivalent to greater than 2 mg/kg or 20 mg/day of prednisone (for persons over 10 kg) administered for 2 or more weeks is not recommended. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Gallium Ga 68 Dotatate: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the diagnostic effect of Gallium Ga 68 Dotatate. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Growth Hormone Analogs: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Growth Hormone Analogs. Growth Hormone Analogs may decrease serum concentrations of the active metabolite(s) of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Hyaluronidase: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Hyaluronidase. Management: Patients receiving corticosteroids (particularly at larger doses) may not experience the desired clinical response to standard doses of hyaluronidase. Larger doses of hyaluronidase may be required. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (Anti-PD-1, -PD-L1, and -CTLA4 Therapies): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (Anti-PD-1, -PD-L1, and -CTLA4 Therapies). Management: Carefully consider the need for corticosteroids, at doses of a prednisone-equivalent of 10 mg or more per day, during the initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Use of corticosteroids to treat immune related adverse events is still recommended Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Indium 111 Capromab Pendetide: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the diagnostic effect of Indium 111 Capromab Pendetide. Risk X: Avoid combination
Inebilizumab: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Inebilizumab. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Influenza Virus Vaccines: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Influenza Virus Vaccines. Management: Administer influenza vaccines at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of systemic corticosteroids at immunosuppressive doses. Influenza vaccines administered less than 14 days prior to or during such therapy should be repeated 3 months after therapy. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Isoniazid: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may decrease the serum concentration of Isoniazid. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Leflunomide: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Leflunomide. Management: Increase the frequency of chronic monitoring of platelet, white blood cell count, and hemoglobin or hematocrit to monthly, instead of every 6 to 8 weeks, if leflunomide is coadministered with immunosuppressive agents, such as systemic corticosteroids. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Licorice: May increase the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Loop Diuretics: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Loop Diuretics. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Lutetium Lu 177 Dotatate: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Lutetium Lu 177 Dotatate. Management: Avoid repeated use of high-doses of corticosteroids during treatment with lutetium Lu 177 dotatate. Use of corticosteroids is still permitted for the treatment of neuroendocrine hormonal crisis. The effects of lower corticosteroid doses is unknown. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Macimorelin: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the diagnostic effect of Macimorelin. Risk X: Avoid combination
MetyraPONE: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the diagnostic effect of MetyraPONE. Management: Consider alternatives to the use of the metyrapone test in patients taking systemic corticosteroids. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Mifamurtide: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Mifamurtide. Risk X: Avoid combination
MiFEPRIStone: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). MiFEPRIStone may increase the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Management: Avoid mifepristone in patients who require long-term corticosteroid treatment of serious illnesses or conditions (eg, for immunosuppression following transplantation). Corticosteroid effects may be reduced by mifepristone treatment. Risk X: Avoid combination
Mumps- Rubella- or Varicella-Containing Live Vaccines: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Mumps- Rubella- or Varicella-Containing Live Vaccines. Specifically, the risk of vaccine-associated infection may be increased. Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Mumps- Rubella- or Varicella-Containing Live Vaccines. Risk X: Avoid combination
Nadofaragene Firadenovec: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Nadofaragene Firadenovec. Specifically, the risk of disseminated adenovirus infection may be increased. Risk X: Avoid combination
Natalizumab: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Natalizumab. Risk X: Avoid combination
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents (Nondepolarizing): May enhance the adverse neuromuscular effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Increased muscle weakness, possibly progressing to polyneuropathies and myopathies, may occur. Management: If concomitant therapy is required, use the lowest dose for the shortest duration to limit the risk of myopathy or neuropathy. Monitor for new onset or worsening muscle weakness, reduction or loss of deep tendon reflexes, and peripheral sensory decriments Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Nicorandil: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Nicorandil. Gastrointestinal perforation has been reported in association with this combination. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir: May increase the serum concentration of Triamcinolone (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (COX-2 Selective): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (COX-2 Selective). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (Nonselective): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (Nonselective). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (Topical): May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Specifically, the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration, and perforation may be increased. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Ocrelizumab: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Ocrelizumab. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Ofatumumab: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Ofatumumab. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Ozanimod: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Ozanimod. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Pidotimod: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Pidotimod. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Pimecrolimus: May enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk X: Avoid combination
Pneumococcal Vaccines: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Pneumococcal Vaccines. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Poliovirus Vaccine (Live/Trivalent/Oral): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Poliovirus Vaccine (Live/Trivalent/Oral). Specifically, the risk of vaccine-associated infection may be increased. Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Poliovirus Vaccine (Live/Trivalent/Oral). Risk X: Avoid combination
Polymethylmethacrylate: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Polymethylmethacrylate. Specifically, the risk for hypersensitivity or implant clearance may be increased. Management: Use caution when considering use of bovine collagen-containing implants such as the polymethylmethacrylate-based Bellafill brand implant in patients who are receiving immunosuppressants. Consider use of additional skin tests prior to administration. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Quinolones: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Quinolones. Specifically, the risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture may be increased. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Rabies Vaccine: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Rabies Vaccine. Management: Complete rabies vaccination at least 2 weeks before initiation of immunosuppressant therapy if possible. If combined, check for rabies antibody titers, and if vaccination is for post exposure prophylaxis, administer a 5th dose of the vaccine. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Ritlecitinib: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Ritlecitinib. Risk X: Avoid combination
Ritodrine: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Ritodrine. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Ruxolitinib (Topical): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Ruxolitinib (Topical). Risk X: Avoid combination
Salicylates: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). These specifically include gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding. Corticosteroids (Systemic) may decrease the serum concentration of Salicylates. Withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylate toxicity. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Sargramostim: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the therapeutic effect of Sargramostim. Specifically, corticosteroids may enhance the myeloproliferative effects of sargramostim. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Sipuleucel-T: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Sipuleucel-T. Management: Consider reducing the dose or discontinuing immunosuppressants, such as systemic corticosteroids, prior to initiating sipuleucel-T therapy. Doses equivalent to more than 2 mg/kg or 20 mg/day of prednisone given for 2 or more weeks are immunosuppressive. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Sodium Benzoate: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Sodium Benzoate. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) Receptor Modulator: May enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Succinylcholine: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Succinylcholine. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Tacrolimus (Systemic): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may decrease the serum concentration of Tacrolimus (Systemic). Conversely, when discontinuing corticosteroid therapy, tacrolimus concentrations may increase. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Tacrolimus (Topical): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Tacrolimus (Topical). Risk X: Avoid combination
Talimogene Laherparepvec: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Talimogene Laherparepvec. Specifically, the risk of infection from the live, attenuated herpes simplex virus contained in talimogene laherparepvec may be increased. Risk X: Avoid combination
Tertomotide: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Tertomotide. Risk X: Avoid combination
Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Tofacitinib: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Tofacitinib. Management: Coadministration of tofacitinib with potent immunosuppressants is not recommended. Doses equivalent to more than 2 mg/kg or 20 mg/day of prednisone (for persons over 10 kg) administered for 2 or more weeks are considered immunosuppressive. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Typhoid Vaccine: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Typhoid Vaccine. Specifically, the risk of vaccine-associated infection may be increased. Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Typhoid Vaccine. Risk X: Avoid combination
Ublituximab: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Ublituximab. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Upadacitinib: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Upadacitinib. Management: Coadministration of upadacitinib with systemic corticosteroids at doses equivalent to greater than 2 mg/kg or 20 mg/day of prednisone (for persons over 10 kg) administered for 2 or more weeks is not recommended. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Urea Cycle Disorder Agents: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Urea Cycle Disorder Agents. More specifically, Corticosteroids (Systemic) may increase protein catabolism and plasma ammonia concentrations, thereby increasing the doses of Urea Cycle Disorder Agents needed to maintain these concentrations in the target range. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Vaccines (Inactivated/Non-Replicating): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Inactivated/Non-Replicating). Management: Administer vaccines at least 2 weeks prior to immunosuppressive corticosteroids if possible. If patients are vaccinated less than 14 days prior to or during such therapy, repeat vaccination at least 3 months after therapy if immunocompetence restored. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Vaccines (Live): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines (Live). Specifically, the risk of vaccine-associated infection may be increased. Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Live). Management: Avoid live vaccines during and for 1 month after therapy with immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids (equivalent to prednisone > 2 mg/kg or 20 mg/day in persons over 10 kg for at least 2 weeks). Give live vaccines 4 weeks prior to therapy if possible. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Vitamin K Antagonists (eg, warfarin): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Yellow Fever Vaccine: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Yellow Fever Vaccine. Specifically, the risk of vaccine-associated infection may be increased. Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Yellow Fever Vaccine. Risk X: Avoid combination
Some studies have shown an association between first trimester systemic corticosteroid use and oral clefts; however, information is conflicting and may be influenced by maternal dose, duration/frequency of exposure, and indication for use. Additional data are needed to evaluate any potential risk of systemic corticosteroids and other adverse pregnancy outcomes (eg, gestational diabetes mellitus, low-birth-weight, preeclampsia, preterm birth) (ACOG 2019; Bandoli 2017; Lunghi 2010; Skuladottir 2014). Hypoadrenalism may occur in newborns following maternal use of corticosteroids in pregnancy; monitor.
Triamcinolone is classified as a fluorinated corticosteroid. When systemic corticosteroids are needed in pregnancy for rheumatic disorders, nonfluorinated corticosteroids (eg, prednisone) are preferred. Chronic high doses should be avoided (ACR [Sammaritano 2020]).
Corticosteroids are present in breast milk.
A case report notes a decrease in milk production following high-dose cervical and epidural triamcinolone injections in a breastfeeding mother with a previously abundant milk supply (McGuire 2012). Decreased milk production has also been noted following triamcinolone injections directly into the breasts of lactating patients for the treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (Kornfeld 2021; Rosen-Carole 2023); triamcinolone was not detected in breast milk collected up to 1 week following a 40 mg injection in one patient (Rosen-Carole 2023).
According to the manufacturer, the decision to breastfeed during therapy should consider the risk of infant exposure, the benefits of breastfeeding to the infant, and the benefits of treatment to the mother. Corticosteroids are generally considered compatible with breastfeeding when used in usual doses; however, monitoring of the breastfeeding infant for adverse reactions is recommended (WHO 2002). Triamcinolone is classified as a fluorinated corticosteroid. When systemic corticosteroids are needed in a lactating patient for rheumatic disorders, low doses of nonfluorinated corticosteroids (eg, prednisone) are preferred (ACR [Sammaritano 2020]).
Ensure adequate intake of calcium and vitamins (or consider supplementation) in patients on medium-to-high doses of systemic corticosteroids.
Blood pressure, blood glucose, electrolytes; weight; intraocular pressure (use >6 weeks); bone mineral density; growth and development in children; HPA axis suppression
A long acting corticosteroid with minimal sodium-retaining potential. Decreases inflammation by suppression of migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and reversal of increased capillary permeability; suppresses the immune system by reducing activity and volume of the lymphatic system; suppresses adrenal function at high doses
Onset: Adrenal suppression: IM (acetonide): 24 to 48 hours; Intra-articular: >24 hours
Duration: Adrenal suppression: IM (acetonide): 30 to 40 days; Intra-articular: 28 to 42 days
Distribution: Vd: IV (acetonide): 99.5 L
Metabolism: Hepatic (Asare 2007)
Half-life elimination: Plasma: 300 minutes (Asare 2007)
Excretion: Urine (75% primarily); bile and feces (25%) (Asare 2007)
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