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Vitamin B2 (riboflavin): Drug information

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin): Drug information
(For additional information see "Vitamin B2 (riboflavin): Patient drug information" and see "Vitamin B2 (riboflavin): Pediatric drug information")

For abbreviations, symbols, and age group definitions used in Lexicomp (show table)
Brand Names: US
  • B-2-400 [OTC];
  • True Vitamin B2 [OTC]
Pharmacologic Category
  • Vitamin, Water Soluble
Dosing: Adult
Dietary supplement

Dietary supplement: Oral: 100 mg once or twice daily.

Migraine, prevention

Migraine, prevention (alternative agent) (off-label use):

Note: An adequate trial for assessment of effect is considered to be at least 2 to 3 months at a therapeutic dose (EHF [Steiner 2019]).

Oral: 400 mg once daily (Rahimdel 2015; Schoenen 1998).

Dosing: Older Adult

Refer to adult dosing.

Dosing: Pediatric

(For additional information see "Vitamin B2 (riboflavin): Pediatric drug information")

Cyclic vomiting syndrome, supplemental/adjunctive therapy

Cyclic vomiting syndrome, supplemental/adjunctive therapy: Limited data available: Children and Adolescents: Oral: 10 mg/kg/day in divided doses twice daily. Maximum daily dose: 400 mg/day (Kovacic 2018; Li 2018; Martinez-Esteve Melnikova 2016; Raucci 2020).

Dietary supplement

Dietary supplement: Infants, Children, and Adolescents: A multivitamin preparation is most commonly used for the provision of riboflavin supplementation in pediatric patients; the use of a single-ingredient riboflavin product as a daily supplement for the prevention of deficiency in pediatric patients is very rare. If single-ingredient riboflavin supplement is necessary, consult product labeling for appropriateness of product in infants and young children in particular.

Migraine, prevention

Migraine, prevention: Limited data available, efficacy results variable: Children ≥ 8 years and Adolescents: Oral: 200 to 400 mg once daily; dosing based on a retrospective study of 41 patients (ages 8 to 18 years) who received 200 mg/day (n=21) or 400 mg/day (n=20) as prophylaxis for migraine and migraine-type headaches; results showed significant reduction in primary endpoint of frequency of headache attack; 68.4% of patients had a ≥50% decrease in headache frequency during treatment (Condò 2009). However, in a prospective, placebo-controlled study of 48 patients (ages 5 to 15 years), patients received 200 mg/day (n=27) or placebo (n=21) and in the treatment group (riboflavin) no benefit compared to placebo for migraine frequency or intensity was observed; a high placebo responder rate was also reported (MacLennan 2008).

Dosing: Kidney Impairment: Pediatric

There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling.

Dosing: Hepatic Impairment: Pediatric

There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling.

Adverse Reactions

The following adverse drug reactions and incidences are derived from product labeling unless otherwise specified.

Frequency not defined: Genitourinary: Urine discoloration (yellow-orange)

Warnings/Precautions

Other warnings/precautions:

• Vitamin deficiency: Single vitamin deficiency is rare; evaluate for other deficiencies.

Dosage Forms: US

Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.

Capsule, Oral:

B-2-400: 400 mg

Tablet, Oral:

True Vitamin B2: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg

Generic: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg

Generic Equivalent Available: US

May be product dependent

Pricing: US

Capsules (B-2-400 Oral)

400 mg (per each): $0.16

Disclaimer: A representative AWP (Average Wholesale Price) price or price range is provided as reference price only. A range is provided when more than one manufacturer's AWP price is available and uses the low and high price reported by the manufacturers to determine the range. The pricing data should be used for benchmarking purposes only, and as such should not be used alone to set or adjudicate any prices for reimbursement or purchasing functions or considered to be an exact price for a single product and/or manufacturer. Medi-Span expressly disclaims all warranties of any kind or nature, whether express or implied, and assumes no liability with respect to accuracy of price or price range data published in its solutions. In no event shall Medi-Span be liable for special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages arising from use of price or price range data. Pricing data is updated monthly.

Administration: Adult

Oral: Administer with food.

Administration: Pediatric

Oral: Administer with food

Use: Labeled Indications

Dietary supplement

Use: Off-Label: Adult

Migraine, prevention

Medication Safety Issues
Sound-alike/look-alike issues:

Riboflavin may be confused with ribavirin

Metabolism/Transport Effects

None known.

Drug Interactions

There are no known significant interactions.

Reproductive Considerations

Riboflavin may be effective for prevention of migraines. In general, preventive treatment for migraine in patients trying to become pregnant should be avoided. Options for patients planning a pregnancy should be considered as part of a shared decision-making process. Nonpharmacologic interventions should be considered initially. When needed, preventive treatment should be individualized considering the available safety data and needs of the patient should pregnancy occur. A gradual discontinuation of preventive medications is generally preferred when the decision is made to stop treatment prior to conception (ACOG 2022, AHS [Ailani 2021]).

Pregnancy Considerations

Water-soluble vitamins cross the placenta. Riboflavin requirements may be increased in patients who are pregnant (IOM 1998).

In general, preventive treatment for migraine should be avoided during pregnancy. Options for pregnant patients should be considered as part of a shared decision-making process. Nonpharmacologic interventions should be considered initially. When needed, preventive treatment should be individualized considering the available safety data, the potential for adverse maternal and fetal events, and needs of the patient (ACOG 2022; AHS [Ailani 2021]). Data related to the use of riboflavin for the prevention of migraine headache during pregnancy are limited (ACOG 2022). Although use of riboflavin may be considered, safety of the higher doses used for migraine therapy have not been established in pregnant patients (CHS [Pringsheim 2012]; EHF [Steiner 2019]).

Breastfeeding Considerations

Riboflavin is present in breast milk.

Riboflavin breast milk concentrations may be influenced by supplements or maternal deficiency. Riboflavin requirements may be increased in patients who are breastfeeding (Allen 2019; IOM 1998).

In general, preventive treatment for migraine in lactating patients should be avoided. When needed, therapy should be individualized considering the available safety data and needs of the patient (AHS [Ailani 2021]).

Dietary Considerations

Dietary sources of riboflavin include liver, kidney, dairy products, green vegetables, eggs, whole grain cereals, yeast, and mushroom.

Dietary reference intake (IOM 1998):

1 to 6 months: Adequate intake: 0.3 mg/day

7 to 12 months: Adequate intake: 0.4 mg/day

1 to 3 years: RDA: 0.5 mg

4 to 8 years: RDA: 0.6 mg

9 to 13 years: RDA: 0.9 mg

14 to 18 years: RDA: Females: 1 mg; Males: 1.3 mg

≥19 years: RDA: Females: 1.1 mg; Males: 1.3 mg

Pregnancy: RDA: 1.4 mg

Lactation: RDA: 1.6 mg

Mechanism of Action

Component of flavoprotein enzymes that work together, which are necessary for normal tissue respiration; also needed for activation of pyridoxine and conversion of tryptophan to niacin

Pharmacokinetics (Adult Data Unless Noted)

Absorption: Readily via GI tract; increased with food

Metabolism: Hepatic

Half-life, biologic: 66 to 84 minutes

Excretion: 9% eliminated unchanged in urine

Brand Names: International
International Brand Names by Country
For country code abbreviations (show table)

  • (AU) Australia: Vit b2 | Vitamin b2;
  • (BD) Bangladesh: D-riboflavine | Neovit | Riboflavine | Ribolex | Ribomin | Ribosina | Riboson | Ribovit;
  • (BG) Bulgaria: Vitamin b2;
  • (CH) Switzerland: Vitamin B2 Streuli;
  • (CL) Chile: Riboflavina;
  • (CN) China: Vitamin b2;
  • (CO) Colombia: Riboxin;
  • (DE) Germany: B2 asmedic | B2 Support | Naturavegan vitamin b2 | Vitamin b2 | Werdo;
  • (DO) Dominican Republic: Vitamina b2;
  • (EE) Estonia: Berivine | Biocare vitamin b2 | Vitamin b2;
  • (FI) Finland: Vita b2;
  • (HK) Hong Kong: Hudson vitamin B2 | Neo active vitamin b2 | Ribovit | Super b2 | Vitamin b2;
  • (ID) Indonesia: Vitamin b2;
  • (IE) Ireland: Beflavine;
  • (IL) Israel: Riboflavine | Vitamin b2;
  • (IN) India: Beflavin | Riboflavine;
  • (LB) Lebanon: Vitamin b2;
  • (LT) Lithuania: Riboflavine | Vitamin b2;
  • (LV) Latvia: Riboflavine | Vitamin b2;
  • (MY) Malaysia: Riboflavine;
  • (NG) Nigeria: Riborich | Ribosam;
  • (NL) Netherlands: Riboflavine | Riboflavine PCH;
  • (NO) Norway: Freeda vitamin b2 | Riboflavin freeda;
  • (NZ) New Zealand: Solgar vitamin b2 | Vitamin b2;
  • (PL) Poland: Vita b2 | Vitamin b2;
  • (PR) Puerto Rico: Vitamin b 2;
  • (SG) Singapore: Riboflavine | Vitamin b 2 | Vitamin b2;
  • (TH) Thailand: Besasin | Biovit b2 | Vitamin b2;
  • (TR) Turkey: Vitamin b2;
  • (TW) Taiwan: Flamin | Riamin | Ribo | Vitamin b2;
  • (UA) Ukraine: Riboflavine | Vitamin b2;
  • (UY) Uruguay: Riboflavina
  1. Ailani J, Burch RC, Robbins MS; Board of Directors of the American Headache Society. The American Headache Society consensus statement: update on integrating new migraine treatments into clinical practice. Headache. 2021;61(7):1021-1039. doi:10.1111/head.14153 [PubMed 34160823]
  2. Allen LH, Hampel D. Water-soluble vitamins in human milk factors affecting their concentration and their physiological significance. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2019;90:69-81. doi:10.1159/000490296 [PubMed 30865992]
  3. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Headaches in pregnancy and postpartum: ACOG clinical practice guideline no. 3. Obstet Gynecol. 2022;139(5):944-972. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000004766 [PubMed 35576364]
  4. Condò M, Posar A, Arbizzani A, Parmeggiani A. Riboflavin prophylaxis in pediatric and adolescent migraine. J Headache Pain. 2009;10(5):361-365. [PubMed 19649688]
  5. Holland S, Silberstein SD, Freitag F, et al. Evidence-based guideline update: NSAIDs and other complementary treatments for episodic migraine prevention in adults: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society. Neurology. 2012;78(17):1346-1353. [PubMed 22529203]
  6. IOM (Institute of Medicine), "Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline," Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1998.
  7. Kovacic K, Sood M, Venkatesan T. Cyclic vomiting syndrome in children and adults: what is new in 2018? Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2018;20(10):46. doi:10.1007/s11894-018-0654-5 [PubMed 30159612]
  8. Li BUK. Managing cyclic vomiting syndrome in children: beyond the guidelines. Eur J Pediatr. 2018;177(10):1435-1442. doi:10.1007/s00431-018-3218-7 [PubMed 30076469]
  9. MacLennan SC, Wade FM, Forrest KM, Ratanayake PD, Fagan E, Antony J. High-dose riboflavin for migraine prophylaxis in children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Child Neurol. 2008;23(11):1300-1304. [PubMed 18984840]
  10. Martinez-Esteve Melnikova A, Schäppi MG, Korff C. Riboflavin in cyclic vomiting syndrome: efficacy in three children. Eur J Pediatr. 2016;175(1):131-135. doi:10.1007/s00431-015-2597-2 [PubMed 26226892]
  11. Powers HJ, "Riboflavin (Vitamin B-2) and Health," Am J Clin Nutr, 2003, 77(6):1352-60. [PubMed 12791609]
  12. Pringsheim T, Davenport W, Mackie G, et al. Canadian Headache Society guideline for migraine prophylaxis. Can J Neurol Sci. 2012;39(2 Suppl 2):S1-S59. [PubMed 22683887]
  13. Rahimdel A, Zeinali A, Yazdian-Anari P, Hajizadeh R, Arefnia E. Effectiveness of Vitamin B2 versus Sodium Valproate in Migraine Prophylaxis: a randomized clinical trial. Electron Physician. 2015;7(6):1344-1348. [PubMed 26516440]
  14. Raucci U, Borrelli O, Di Nardo G, et al. Cyclic vomiting syndrome in children. Front Neurol. 2020;11:583425. doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.583425 [PubMed 33224097]
  15. Riboflavin vitamin B-2 tablets [prescribing information]. Vandalia, OH: Basic Drugs, Inc.
  16. Schoenen J, Jacquy J, Lenaerts M. Effectiveness of high-dose riboflavin in migraine prophylaxis. A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 1998;50(2):466-470. [PubMed 9484373]
  17. Steiner TJ, Jensen R, Katsarava Z, et al. Aids to management of headache disorders in primary care (2nd edition): on behalf of the European Headache Federation and Lifting The Burden: the Global Campaign Against Headache. J Headache Pain. 2019;20(1):57. doi:10.1186/s10194-018-0899-2 [PubMed 31113373]
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