Approach to pediatric nontraumatic chest pain

PALS: pediatric advanced life support; EKG: electrocardiogram.
* For example, history of congenital heart disease, heart transplant, Kawasaki disease in the patient or family history of cardiomyopathy or relatives who died suddenly before the age of 50 years.
¶ Risk factors for pulmonary embolism in children include immobility, oral contraceptive use, pregnancy termination, ventriculoatrial shunts for hydrocephalus, central venous catheters, solid tumors, heart disease, infection, dehydration, hypercoagulable states, low cardiac output, and obesity.