Proposed staging framework for preclinical Alzheimer disease

Graphic representation of the proposed staging framework for preclinical AD. Note that some individuals will not progress beyond Stage 1 or Stage 2. Individuals in Stage 3 are postulated to be more likely to progress to MCI and AD dementia.

AD: Alzheimer's disease; Aβ: amyloid beta; PET: position emission tomography; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; FDG: fluorodeoxyglucose; fMRI: functional magnetic resonance imaging; sMRI: structural magnetic resonance imaging.

Reproduced from: Sperling RA, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, et al. Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2011; 7:280. Illustration used with the permission of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Proposed staging framework for preclinical Alzheimer disease