Spectrum of widely investigated biomarkers for Alzheimer disease

	Pathophysiologic marker	Topographic marker	Marker of neuronal injury/degeneration
Cerebrospinal fluid
Aβ42 or Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio	Yes	No	No
Total tau, phospho-tau	Yes	No	Yes
PET
Amyloid tracer uptake	Yes	No	No
Fluorodeoxyglucose	No	Yes	Yes
Structural MRI
Medial temporal lobe atrophy	No	Yes	Yes

Aβ: beta-amyloid; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.

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