Stepwise approach to perioperative cardiac assessment for CAD

ACS: acute coronary syndrome; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft surgery; CAD: coronary artery disease; CPG: clinical practice guideline; DASI: Duke Activity Status Index; GDMT: guideline-directed therapy; HF: heart failure; MACE: major adverse cardiac event; MET: metabolic equivalent; NB: no benefit; NSQIP: National Surgical Quality Improvement Program; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; RCRI: Revised Cardiac Risk Index; STEMI: ST elevation myocardial infarction; UA/NSTEMI: unstable angina/non-ST elevation myocardial infarction; VHD: valvular heart disease.