Version May 2024
| Characteristic, N | Youngest (n = 35) | Middle (n = 163) | Oldest (n = 66) | ||||
| Physical exam findings | n | % | n | % | n | % | P |
| Elevated temperature | 21 | 60.0 | 71 | 43.6 | 36 | 54.5 | 0.1 |
| Rapidly increasing temperature | 13 | 37.1 | 51 | 31.3 | 44 | 66.7 | <0.001 |
| Sweating | 0 | 0.0 | 11 | 6.7 | 17 | 25.8 | <0.001 |
| Masseter spasm | 5 | 14.3 | 74 | 45.4 | 7 | 10.6 | <0.001 |
| Generalized muscular rigidity | 6 | 17.1 | 53 | 32.5 | 25 | 37.9 | 0.96 |
| Dark urine | 2 | 5.7 | 24 | 14.7 | 6 | 9.1 | 0.26 |
| Tachypnea | 12 | 34.3 | 43 | 26.4 | 21 | 31.8 | 0.52 |
| Hypercarbia | 27 | 77.1 | 95 | 58.3 | 59 | 89.4 | <0.001 |
| Cyanosis | 2 | 5.7 | 16 | 9.8 | 7 | 10.6 | 0.75 |
| Skin mottling | 5 | 14.3 | 8 | 4.9 | 7 | 10.6 | 0.07 |
| Sinus tachycardia | 26 | 74.3 | 110 | 67.5 | 57 | 86.4 | 0.01 |
| Ventricular tachycardia | 2 | 5.7 | 9 | 5.5 | 3 | 4.5 | 1 |
| Ventricular fibrillation | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 3.1 | 4 | 6.1 | 0.27 |
| Vital sign and laboratory data | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P |
| Maximum temperature (°C) | 38.4 | (1.4) | 38.2 | (1.7) | 40.2 | (8.3) | 0.0006 |
| Time to maximum temperature (minutes) | 181.7 | (282.3) | 137.1 | (191.3) | 146.9 | (183.0) | 0.07 |
| Maximum end-tidal CO2 (mmHg) | 75.9 | (23.0) | 62.8 | (23.9) | 75.2 | (16.8) | 0.0001 |
| Time to maximum etCO2 (minutes) | 640.8 | (205.6) | 682.1 | (228.9) | 861.7 | (329.7) | 0.0001 |
| Time to first blood gas (minutes) | 183.6 | (253.5) | 151.2 | (219.3) | 176.2 | (212.3) | 0.18 |
| Fio2 | 0.75 | (0.35) | 0.78 | (0.32) | 0.82 | (0.28) | 0.51 |
| pH | 7.16 | (0.19) | 7.23 | (0.14) | 7.2 | (0.13) | 0.06 |
| Pco2 (mmHg) | 65.3 | (39.4) | 53.2 | (24.1) | 61.6 | (18.9) | 0.0008 |
| Po2 (mmHg) | 157.6 | (142.4) | 236.5 | (176.1) | 275.5 | (162.2) | 0.002 |
| Base excess (mEq/L) | -6.6 | (5.4) | -5.6 | (6.2) | -4.9 | (5.7) | 0.19 |
| Bicarbonate (mEq/L) | 21.69 | (4.58) | 21.34 | (4.91) | 22.75 | (3.98) | 0.052 |
| Peak lactic acid (mmol/L) | 5.2 | (5.8) | 1.7 | (3.4) | 3.8 | (2.3) | 0.003 |
| Peak potassium (mEq/L) | 5.07 | (1.30) | 5 | (1.68) | 5.44 | (1.24) | 0.004 |
| Peak creatinine kinase (units/L) | 17,843.5 | (58,940.6) | 32,895.8 | (70,279.5) | 20,527.8 | (61,000.7) | 0.0001 |
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