Factor | Level | CT scan surveillance | PET imaging | Nonsurgical biopsy | VATS wedge resection |
Clinical probability of lung cancer | Very low (<5%) | ++++ | – | – | – |
Low-moderate | + | +++ | ++ | + | |
High (<65%) | – | (± staging) | ++ | ++++ | |
Surgical risk | Low | ++ | ++ | ++ | +++ |
High | ++ | +++ | ++ | – | |
Biopsy risk | Low | – | ++ | +++ | +++ |
High | ++ | +++ | – | + | |
High suspicion of active infection or inflammation | – | – | ++++ | ++ | |
Values and preferences | Desires certainty | – | + | +++ | ++++ |
Risk averse to procedure-related complications | ++++ | +++ | ++ | – | |
Poor adherence with follow-up | – | – | +++ | ++++ |
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