| Nonvasculitic inflammatory brain diseases |
- Demyelinating disease (acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis)
- Antibody-mediated inflammatory brain disease (anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, antibody-mediated limbic encephalitis, neuromyelitis optica, Hashimoto encephalitis, postmycoplasma encephalitis, Celiac-disease associated encephalitis)
- T cell-mediated inflammatory brain disease (Rasmussen encephalitis)
- Granulomatous inflammatory brain disease (neurosarcoidosis)
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| Genetic disorders with associated vasculopathy |
- Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)
- Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL)
- COL4A1-related small vessel disease
|
| Metabolic disorders |
- Mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS)
- Polymerase gamma deficiency (POLG)
|
| Secondary CNS vasculitis |
- Infections (active or post-infectious)
- Viral (eg, varicella zoster virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Epstein Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, JC virus, Hepatitis B and C viruses)
- Bacterial (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, lyme disease)
- Fungal (Aspergillus spp, Candida spp, Actinomyces spp)
- Parasitic
- Systemic vasculitis and other inflammatory diseases
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Behçet disease
- Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
- Sarcoidosis
- Scleroderma
- Dermatomyositis
- TREX1-associated disease (eg, Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome)
- Other systemic diseases or exposures
- Graft-versus-host disease
- Radiation
- Malignancy
- Drugs (eg, cocaine, amphetamines)
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