| Noninflammatory CNS vasculopathies |
- Cervical arterial dissection
- Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
- Thromboembolic disease
- Hemoglobinopathies
- Antiphospholipid syndrome
- Fibromuscular dysplasia
- Collagen vascular disorders
- Focal cerebral arteriopathy
- Moyamoya disease and syndrome
- Cerebral atherosclerosis
- Post-radiation vasculopathy
|
| Genetic disorders with associated vasculopathy |
- Neurofibromatosis type 1
- Down syndrome
- Sickle cell disease
- PHACE syndrome (posterior fossa malformations, hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, cardiac anomalies, eye anomalies)
- ACTA2 gene mutation
- Fabry disease (alpha-galactosidase A deficiency)
- Homocystinuria
|
| Other syndromes associated with cerebral vasculopathy or stroke |
- Cogan syndrome (vasculopathy plus inflammatory eye disease [interstitial keratitis] and vestibulo-auditory dysfunction)
- Susac syndrome (noninflammatory vasculopathy resulting in retinopathy, hearing loss, and encephalopathy)
- Mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS)
- Polymerase gamma deficiency (POLG)
|
| Secondary CNS vasculitis |
- Infections (active or post-infectious)
- Viral (eg, varicella zoster virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Epstein Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, JC virus, Hepatitis B and C viruses)
- Bacterial (eg, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, lyme disease)
- Fungal (Aspergillus spp, Candida spp, Actinomyces spp)
- Systemic vasculitis and other inflammatory diseases
- Takayasu arteritis
- Polyarteritis nodosa
- Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
- Microscopic polyangiitis
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Other systemic diseases or exposures
- Radiation
- Malignancy
- Drugs (cocaine, amphetamines)
|
