Some medically important snakes found in Europe*

Consult a regional poison control center or clinician with expertise in treating bites caused by European snakes for medical therapy including indications for giving antivenom, specific antivenom to use, and dosing.
Common name	Scientific name	Additional effects	Antivenom
Snakes potentially causing paralysis
Vipers (Levant viper)	Vipera species and Macrovipera lebetina	Local^¶, coagulopathy, hemorrhage, hypotension, and acute kidney injury	Monovalent and polyvalent
Long-nosed viper	Vipera ammodytes	Local^¶	Monovalent and polyvalent
European viper, European adder	Vipera berus	Local^¶ (predominant), tissue necrosis, coagulopathy; paralysis rare	Monovalent and polyvalent
European asp	Vipera aspis	Local^¶ (predominant), tissue necrosis, coagulopathy	Monovalent and polyvalent
Snakes causing local tissue damage^¶ and systemic illness without paralysis
Central Asian pit viper	Gloydius intermedius	Hemorrhage, tissue necrosis, and coagulopathy	Polyvalent
Halys pit viper	Gloydius halys	Hemorrhage, tissue necrosis, and coagulopathy	Monovalent and polyvalent

* Antivenom name and manufacturer, comprehensive listings of venomous European snakes by geographical region, and more precise geographic distribution of specific snake species may be found at Toxinology snake search.
¶ Local effects include swelling, blistering, hemorrhagic skin changes, and bruising.

Data from:

White J. Overview of venomous snakes of the world. In: Medical Toxicology, 3rd ed, Dart RC (Ed), Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2004, p.1543.
Clinical toxinology resources. www.toxinology.com (Accessed March 26, 2013).
Venomous snakes and antivenoms search interface, World Health Organization.

Graphic 93459 Version 5.0

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Some medically important snakes found in Europe*