Factors that may require increased or decreased fluid administration

Increased fluids	Decreased fluids
Fever	Congestive heart failure
Polyuria	Head trauma
Losses through gastrointestinal tract (eg, short bowel syndrome, or a stoma)	Renal insufficiency
Vomiting	Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Diarrhea
Nasogastric suctioning
Ostomy output
Prematurity
Increased insensible losses through the skin (eg, extensive burns)

Reproduced with permission from: Pediatric Parenteral Nutrition, Baker RD, Baker SS, Davis AM (Eds), Aspen Publishers, Inc, Gaithersburg 2001. Copyright © 2001 Robert D Baker, MD, PhD; Susan S Baker, MD, PhD; and Anne M Davis, RD, CNSD.

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