Factors that may require increased or decreased fluid administration in parenteral nutrition

Increased fluids	Decreased fluids
Fever	Congestive heart failure
Polyuria	Head trauma
Losses through gastrointestinal tract (eg, short bowel syndrome or a stoma)	Kidney function impairment
Vomiting	Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Diarrhea
Nasogastric suctioning
Ostomy output
Prematurity
Increased insensible losses through the skin (eg, extensive burns)

Reproduced with permission from: Pediatric Parenteral Nutrition, Baker RD, Baker SS, Davis AM (Eds), Aspen Publishers, Inc, Gaithersburg 2001. Copyright © 2001 Robert D Baker, MD, PhD; Susan S Baker, MD, PhD; and Anne M Davis, RD, CNSD.

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Factors that may require increased or decreased fluid administration in parenteral nutrition