Mode of presentation of benign paragangliomas, stratified by tumor location

Mode of presentation	Patients with tumors in head or neck (n = 161)*	Patients with tumors below neck (n = 81)*	Patients with multicentric tumors above and below the neck (n = 6)*
Headaches	7	26	50
Palpitations	6	21	50
Perspiration	5	25	50
Pallor	2	12	17
Orthostasis	4	6	0
Neck mass	55	1	33
Cranial nerve palsies	16	0	0
Incidentalomas on imaging studies^¶	10	6	17
Unexpected finding on pathology after operation for an indeterminate mass^Δ	1	27	0
Tinnitus	18	0	0
Pulsatile mass in ear	9	0	0
Decreased hearing	8	0	0
Pain localized to chest, abdomen	0	21	0
Abdominal mass	0	4	0
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage	0	2	0
Intracranial hemorrhage	0	1	0
Cardiomyopathy	0	2	0
Generalized weakness	2	2	0
Preeclampsia in pregnancy	0	3	0
Weight loss	0	5	0
Intraoperative lability of blood pressure	0	4	0
Hypertension	42	64	67

* These numbers include patients with single tumors and also the six patients with multiple tumors above and below the neck.
¶ Tumors incidentally discovered on imaging studies and suspected to be paragangliomas prior to surgery.
Δ Unexpected tumors found to be paragangliomas on pathological examination for indeterminate mass.

Reproduced with permission from: Erickson D, Kundva YC, Ebersold MJ, et al. Benign paragangliomas: Clinical presentation and treatment outcomes in 236 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:5210. Copyright © 2001 The Endocrine Society.

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Mode of presentation of benign paragangliomas, stratified by tumor location