Classification and characterization of proteinuria types

Classification of proteinuria	Clinical setting	Typical level of proteinuria in adults	Predominant protein type
Transient proteinuria	Fever, heavy exercise, vasopressor infusion, albumin infusion	<1 g/day	Albumin
Persistent proteinuria – orthostatic proteinuria	Uncommon over age 30 years, may occur in 2 to 5% of adolescents	<1 to 2 g/day	Albumin
Persistent proteinuria – overflow proteinuria	Myeloma (monoclonal light chains), hemolysis (hemoglobinuria), rhabdomyolysis (myoglobinuria)	Variable, could be nephrotic range	Nonalbumin
Persistent proteinuria – glomerular proteinuria	Primary glomerular diseases, secondary glomerular diseases, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephrosclerosis	Variable, often nephrotic range	Albumin
Persistent proteinuria – tubulointerstitial proteinuria	Heavy metal intoxications, autoimmune or allergic interstitial inflammation, medication-induced interstitial injury	<3 g/day	Nonalbumin
Post-renal proteinuria	Urinary tract infections, nephrolithiasis, genitourinary tumor	<1 g/day	Nonalbumin

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