Major causes of aseptic meningitis in children

	Common	Uncommon	Rare
Infectious causes
Viruses	Enteroviruses:	Mumps HIV	Respiratory viruses:
	Polioviruses Echoviruses Coxsackieviruses Numbered enteroviruses		Adenovirus Influenza Parainfluenza
	Herpes simplex virus type 2*		Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
	Arboviruses:		Measles
	Eastern and Western equine encephalitis St. Louis encephalitis La Crosse (California) encephalitis West Nile		Parvovirus B19
			Rotavirus
			Herpes viruses:
			Herpes simplex virus type 1 Human herpes virus 6 Epstein-Barr virus Varicella zoster Cytomegalovirus
			Arboviruses:
			Powassan virus
Bacteria	Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)* Partially treated bacterial meningitis*	Mycobacterium tuberculosis* Parameningeal infection (epidural, subdural abscess)*	Bartonella sp (cat scratch disease)* Syphilis* Leptospira sp* Brucella* Mycoplasma pneumoniae* Rickettsia*
Fungi		Cryptococcus* Coccidioides* Histoplasma* Blastomyces*	Candida spp* Aspergillus spp* Sporothrix schenckii*
Parasites			Taenia solium (cysticercosis)* Trichinella spiralis* Toxoplasma gondii*
Noninfectious causes
Drugs	Ibuprofen Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Other NSAIDS Pyridium (phenazopyridine) Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody Azathioprine
Malignancy	Lymphoma* Leukemia*
Autoimmune	Sarcoid* Behçet syndrome* Systemic lupus erythematosus*
Other causes	Epidermoid cyst* Postvaccination Heavy metal poisoning* Intracranial hemorrhage*

NSAIDs: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
* Treatable cause.

Reproduced with permission from: Sawyer MH, Rotbart HA. Aseptic and viral meningitis. In: Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 3rd ed, Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG (Eds), Churchill Livingstone, New York 2008. Copyright © 2008 Elsevier.

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Major causes of aseptic meningitis in children