Version May 2024
| Ventricular dysfunction |
| Structurally normal heart |
| Cardiomyopathy |
| Dilated |
| Hypertrophic (rarely causes HF, except with so called "burnt-out" HCM) |
| Restrictive |
| Noncompaction |
| Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy |
| Myocarditis |
| Myocardial infarction/ischemia |
| Anomalous left coronary artery arising off the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) |
| Kawasaki disease with coronary artery aneurysm |
| Coronary vasculitis |
| Premature atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (very rare in children; may occur in patients with rare genetic lipid disorders [eg, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia]) |
| Arrhythmogenic |
| Complete heart block with bradycardia |
| Supraventricular tachycardia |
| Ventricular tachycardia |
| Drug/toxin exposure |
| Anthracycline |
| Noncardiac causes |
| Sepsis |
| Renal failure |
| Respiratory disorders (eg, obstructive sleep apnea, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cystic fibrosis, interstitial lung disease) |
| HIV infection |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| Congenital heart disease |
| Complex congenital heart defect with concurrent ventricular dysfunction |
| Complex congenital heart defect, surgically corrected with late ventricular dysfunction ("burnt-out" congenital heart disease) |
| Preserved ventricular contractility |
| Volume overload |
| Left-to-right shunting |
| Ventricular septal defect |
| Patent ductus arteriosus |
| Atrial septal defect (rare) |
| Aortopulmonary window |
| Atrioventricular septal defect |
| Single ventricle physiology with unobstructed pulmonary blood flow |
| Valvular insufficiency |
| Aortic regurgitation |
| Mitral regurgitation |
| Pulmonary regurgitation |
| Noncardiac causes |
| Arteriovenous malformation |
| Fluid overload |
| Pressure overload |
| Left-sided |
| Aortic stenosis |
| Aortic coarctation |
| Systemic hypertension |
| Right-sided |
| Pulmonary stenosis |
| Pulmonary hypertension |
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