Case series of moderate-large pericardial effusions

	Sagrista-Sauleda, 2000 (n = 322)	Corey, 1993 (n = 57)	Levy, 2003 (n = 204)	Ma, 2012 (n = 140)	Strobbe, 2017 (n = 269)
Size of effusion, mm	>10	>10	NR	>10	>10 (98%)
Tamponade, percent	37	NR	NR	100	88
Etiologies, percent
Idiopathic*	29 (9% chronic)	7	48	0	26
Malignancy	13	23	15	38	25
Uremia	6	12	2	6	3
Iatrogenic	16	0	0	9	21
Post-acute myocardial infarction	8	0	0	5	1
Infection	6	27	16	28	7
Collagen vascular disease	5	12	10	6	3
Hypothyroidism	2	0	10	5	0
Other	15	23	0	3	14

NR: not reported.
* Includes both acute and chronic pericardial effusions.

Adapted from:

Sagrista-Sauleda J, Merce J, Permanyer-Maralda G, et al. Clinical clues to the causes of large pericardial effusions. Am J Med 2000; 109:95.
Corey GR, Campbell PT, VanTrigt P, et al. Etiology of large pericardial effusion. Am J Med 1993; 95:209.
Levy PY, Corey R, Berger P, et al. Etiologic diagnosis of 204 pericardial effusion. Medicine (Baltimore) 2003; 82:385.
Ma W, Liu J, Zeng Y, et al. Causes of moderate to large pericardial effusion requiring pericardiocentesis in 140 Han Chinese patients. Herz 2012; 37: 183.
Strobbe A, Adriaenssens T, Bennett J, et al. Etiology and long-term outcome of patients undergoing pericardiocentesis. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6: e007598.

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