Version May 2024
| Urinary |
| Lower volume |
| Higher calcium |
| Higher oxalate (CaOx stones) |
| Lower citrate |
| Higher pH (CaP stones) |
| Anatomic |
| Medullary sponge kidney |
| Horseshoe kidney |
| Diet |
| Lower fluid intake |
| Lower dietary calcium |
| Higher oxalate |
| Lower potassium |
| Higher sodium |
| Higher sucrose |
| Higher fructose |
| Lower phytate |
| Higher vitamin C |
| Other medical conditions |
| Primary hyperparathyroidism |
| Gout |
| Obesity |
| Diabetes mellitus |
| Distal renal tubular acidosis |
| Inflammatory bowel disease |
| Malabsorptive bariatric surgery |
| Short bowel syndrome |
آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟
