Commonly used diagnostic tests for amaurosis fugax

Diagnostic test	Indictions
Ophthalmologic consult	All patients with GCA, retinal vein disease, suspected ocular disease, TMVL from suspected thromboembolic disease or uncertain cause
ESR and CRP	All patients >50 years
Carotid imaging (carotid duplex ultrasound, MRA, CTA)	Patients with TMVL >50 years or with risk factors, or suspected dissection, or uncertain cause
Cardiac evaluation for embolic source	Patients with TMVL >50 years or with risk factors, or with suspected VBI, or TMVL of uncertain cause
ECG	All patients with suspected ischemia (of brain or eye)
Hypercoagulable testing	Patients with history or family history of thrombosis or with probable ischemia and negative workup
Brain MRI	Binocular symptoms atypical for migraine, possible optic neuropathy, seizure
EEG	Suspected seizure

GCA: giant cell arteritis; TMVL: transient monocular visual loss; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP: C-reactive protein; MRA: magnetic resonance angiography; CTA: computed tomography angiography; VBI: vertebrobasilar ischemia; ECG: electrocardiogram; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; EEG: electroencephalography.

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Commonly used diagnostic tests for amaurosis fugax