Version May 2024
| Disorders in which ADH levels are not elevated |
| Primary polydipsia due to psychosis |
| Low dietary solute intake (beer drinker's potomania, tea and toast diet) |
| Disorders with impaired urine dilution but normal suppression of ADH |
| Advanced renal impairment |
| Diuretic-induced hyponatremia |
| Disorders with impaired urine dilution due to unsuppressed ADH secretion |
| Reduced effective arterial blood volume |
| True volume depletion (hypovolemic hyponatremia) |
| Heart failure and cirrhosis (hypervolemic hyponatremia) |
| Addison's disease |
| SIADH (euvolemic hyponatremia) |
| CNS disturbances |
| Malignancies |
| Drugs |
| Surgery |
| Pulmonary disease |
| Hormonal deficiency (secondary adrenal insufficiency and hypothyroidism)* |
| Hormone administration (vasopressin, desmopressin, oxytocin) |
| Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
| Impaired urine dilution due to abnormal V2 receptor (nephrogenic SIADH) |
| Abnormally low osmostat |
| Acquired reset osmostat of chronic illness |
| Genetic reset osmostat |
| Reset osmostat of pregnancy |
| Exercise-induced hyponatremia |
| Cerebral salt wasting |
ADH: antidiuretic hormone; SIADH: syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion; CNS: central nervous system; V2: vasopressin receptor 2.
* Although sometimes placed in a separate category, we include secondary adrenal insufficiency due to hypopituitarism as a cause of SIADH because it presents with similar clinical manifestations as other causes of the syndrome. Hypothyroidism must be severe to cause clinically important hyponatremia.آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟
