Version June 2024
| Physical examination finding | Possible etiology |
| General | |
| Obesity | Essential hypertension |
| Truncal obesity | Cushing syndrome, corticosteroid therapy |
| Growth retardation | Chronic kidney disease |
| Vital signs | |
| Tachycardia | Catecholamine excess (PCC or neuroblastoma) or hyperthyroidism |
| BP differences in extremities | If upper extremity BP is greater than lower extremity BP, coarctation of aorta |
| Head and neck | |
| Elfin facies | Williams syndrome |
| Moon facies | Cushing syndrome, corticosteroid therapy |
| Thyroid enlargement or goiter | Hyperthyroidism |
| Webbed neck | Turner syndrome |
| Tonsillar hypertrophy | Sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea |
| Eye | |
| Retinal changes | Suggested severe hypertension and secondary etiology |
| Papilledema | Increased intracranial pressure |
| Skin | |
| Pallor, flushing | Catecholamine excess (PCC and neuroblastoma) |
| Acne, hirsutism, striae | Cushing syndrome, corticosteroid therapy |
| Café-au-lait spots and/or neurofibromas | Neurofibromatosis |
| Ash leaf spots and/or adenoma sebaceum | Tuberous sclerosis |
| Rash | Lupus nephritis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis) |
| Acanthosis nigricans | Type 2 diabetes |
| Chest | |
| Widely spaced nipples | Turner syndrome |
| Murmur | Coarctation of the aorta |
| Apical heave | Left ventricular hypertrophy |
| Abdomen | |
| Abdominal bruit | Renovascular disease |
| Mass | Hydronephrosis, polycystic kidney disease, kidney tumors, neuroblastoma |
| Extremities | |
| Traction/casts | Orthopedic manipulation |
| Asymmetry of limbs | Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome |
| Arthritis | Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis), collagen vascular disease (systemic lupus erythematous) |
| Neurologic | |
| Muscle weakness | Liddle syndrome, hyperaldosteronism |
| Diminished pain response | Familial dysautonomia |
| Genitalia | |
| Ambiguous/virilization | Adrenal hyperplasia |
| Advanced puberty | Intracranial tumors |
آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟
