Symptoms | Physical findings |
Pulmonary | |
Dyspnea (100 percent incidence) "Gasp reflex"* "Sucking sound"¶ | Tachypnea Wheeze Rales Respiratory failure |
Cardiac | |
Substernal chest pain | Hypotension Tachycardia Mill wheel murmurΔ Signs of right heart failure (eg, elevated JVD) Shock |
Neurologic | |
Sense of doom Dizziness/lightheadedness | Change in mental status Focal neurological deficits |
Skin | |
Crepitus over superficial vessels (seen rarely in setting of massive air embolus) Livedo reticularis | |
Ocular | |
Bubbles within the retinal arteries |
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