Traumatic shock: Initial management

E-FAST: extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma; IV: intravenous; IO: intraosseous; AP: anteroposterior; CXR: chest radiograph; CT: computed tomography; c-spine: cervical spine.

* Definitive airway management should be delayed, when possible, to ensure optimal resuscitation and minimize the negative hemodynamic impact of induction and positive-pressure ventilation. Patients in shock are at increased risk of peri-intubation cardiac arrest following rapid sequence intubation.