Mycobacterial - Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Borrelia burgdorferi
- Treponema pallidum
- Leptospira species
- Brucella species
- Francisella tularensis
- Actinomyces species
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Ehrlichia chaffeensis
- Nocardia species
- Tropheryma whipplei (Whipple disease)
- Human immunodeficiency virus
- Cytomegalovirus
- Epstein-Barr virus
- Human T cell lymphotrophic virus I and II
- Enterovirus
- Herpes simplex virus
- Varicella-zoster virus
- Cache Valley virus
- Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii
- Sporothrix
- Histoplasma
- Blastomyces
- Coccidioides
- Other (eg, Scedosporium apiospermum, Paracoccidioides, dematiaceous molds)
- Taenia solium (cysticercosis)
- Angiostrongylus
- Schistosoma
- Toxoplasma
- Acanthamoeba
- Balamuthia mandrillaris
| - Neoplastic
- Sarcoidosis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's)
- Behçet syndrome
- Fabry disease
- Central nervous system vasculitis
- Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
- Chemical or drug-induced meningitis
- Idiopathic (up to one-third of cases)
- Rheumatoid arthritis
| - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Intravenous immunoglobulin
- Intrathecal agents
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