Solitary nerve root lesions of the lumbosacral spine

Root	Pain	Sensory loss	Weakness	Stretch reflex loss
L1	Inguinal region	Inguinal region	Rarely hip flexion	None
L2-L3-L4	Back, radiating into anterior thigh, and at times medial lower leg	Anterior thigh, occasionally medial lower leg	Hip flexion, hip adduction, knee extension	Patellar tendon
L5	Back, radiating into buttock, lateral thigh, lateral calf and dorsum foot, great toe	Lateral calf, dorsum foot, web space between first and second toe	Hip abduction, knee flexion, foot dorsiflexion, toe extension and flexion, foot inversion and eversion	Semitendinosus/semimembranosus (internal hamstrings) tendon
S1	Back, radiating into buttock, lateral or posterior thigh, posterior calf, lateral or plantar foot	Posterior calf, lateral or plantar aspect of foot	Hip extension, knee flexion, plantar flexion of the foot	Achilles tendon
S2-S3-S4	Sacral or buttock pain radiating into the posterior aspect of the leg or the perineum	Medial buttock, perineal, and perianal regions	Weakness may be minimal, with urinary and fecal incontinence as well as sexual dysfunction	Bulbocavernosus, anal wink

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