Version May 2024
| Type | Usual clinical setting |
| Idiopathic small fiber neuropathy | Prevalence increases with age Normal strength and deep tendon reflexes Normal position and vibration sensation Diminished pin sensation in lower extremities Normal electrodiagnostic testing Diminished sudomotor function Abnormal skin biopsy |
| Diabetic peripheral neuropathy | History or family history of diabetes Obesity, hypertension Diminished deep tendon reflexes Diminished distal sensation Usually abnormal electrodiagnostic testing Impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, elevated hemoglobin A1C |
| Hereditary neuropathies | Family history Pes cavus or hammer toe Usually diminished deep tendon reflexes Diminished distal sensation Abnormal electrodiagnostic testing |
| Neuropathy related to connective tissue disease | History of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease, Sjögren syndrome Diminished deep tendon reflexes Diminished distal sensation Abnormal electrodiagnostic testing Positive for autoimmune antibodies |
| Vasculitic neuropathy | Known systemic vasculitis (but vasculitic neuropathy may occur in isolation) Multifocal examination findings Abnormal electrodiagnostic testing Positive for autoimmune antibodies, hepatitis B or C, cryoglobulins Abnormal nerve biopsy |
| Neuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy | Prevalence increases with age Variable examination findings depending upon mode of presentation (mononeuritis multiplex, distal polyneuropathy, radiculopathy, or plexopathy) Abnormal electrodiagnostic testing Monoclonal gammopathy (often IgM) |
| Paraneoplastic sensory neuropathy | Tobacco smoking, family history, asbestos exposure Solid tumor cancer (mainly lung) Diminished deep tendon reflexes Diminished distal sensation Abnormal electrodiagnostic testing Anti-Hu antibodies |
| Familial or acquired amyloid polyneuropathy | Family history or known plasma cell dyscrasia (acquired form) Diminished deep tendon reflexes Sensory loss Autonomic dysfunction (eg, postural hypotension, impotence, bladder dysfunction) Compressive mononeuropathy (mainly carpal tunnel syndrome) Abnormal electrodiagnostic testing Monoclonal gammopathy (acquired form) |
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