| Infections |
- Bacterial sepsis due to:
- Urinary tract infection/pyelonephritis¶
- Bacteremia
- Meningitis
- Pneumonia
- Cellulitis or skin abscess
- Bacterial gastroenteritis
- Omphalitis
- Mastitis
- Septic arthritis
- Osteomyelitis
- Pertussis (apnea)
- Infant botulism
- Overwhelming viral illness due to:
- Disseminated herpes simplex virus infection
- Enterovirus and parechovirus (meningoencephalitis, myocarditis or hepatitis)
- Cytomegalovirus (pneumonitis and hepatitis)
- Bronchiolitis (apnea)
- Influenza
|
| Acute bilirubin encephalopathy |
| Cardiac conditions |
- Congenital heart disease:
- Cyanotic
- Obstructive
- Aberrant coronary artery
- Supraventricular tachycardia and other arrhythmias (leading to heart failure)
- Kawasaki disease
|
| Child abuse |
| Endocrine |
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
|
| Glucose and electrolyte abnormalities |
- Hypoglycemia
- Hyponatremia
- Hypernatremia
- Hypocalcemia
|
| Hypothermia (environmental exposure) |
| Inborn errors of metabolism (eg, urea cycle defects, galactosemia, organic acidemias, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, or disorders of fatty acid oxidation) |
| Surgical conditions |
- Congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease) with acute obstruction or enterocolitis
- Gonadal torsion
- Incarcerated or strangulated hernia
- Intussusception
- Malrotation with volvulus
- Meconium ileus (cystic fibrosis)
- Necrotizing enterocolitis
- Neonatal appendicitis
- Pyloric stenosis with hypokalemic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis and dehydration
|
| Toxic exposures |
- Environmental toxins (carbon monoxide poisoning or methemoglobinemia from nitrate or other oxidant exposure)
- Ingestion of substances in breast milk (eg, maternal drugs of abuse such as heroin, cocaine, phencyclidine [PCP], or marijuana)
- Malicious drug exposure (eg, ethanol, drugs of abuse, or other medications [medical child abuse])
- Medication error (eg, acetaminophen, methadone, or metoclopramide)
- Methemoglobinemia due to severe dehydration and metabolic acidosis
- Neonatal abstinence syndrome
|
