Version May 2024
| In vitro fertilization (IVF) |
| Aspiration of one or more oocytes from ovarian follicles, fertilization in vitro, and then transfer of the embryo(s) into the uterus. This is the most common procedure using assisted reproductive technology. |
| Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a specialized technique for couples with severe sperm abnormalities. It is performed in conjunction with IVF whereby fertilization is accomplished by injecting a single sperm directly into the egg. |
| Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) |
| A laparoscope is used to aspirate one or more mature oocytes from ovarian follicles and then transfer the oocytes and sperm to the fallopian tube. |
| GIFT, although more invasive than IVF, may be an appropriate choice in patients who, for religious or personal reasons, do not wish to have embryos in the laboratory. It is also appropriate for those who have failed donor insemination or require laparoscopy for other reasons. The success rate is similar to those with IVF. |
| Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) or tubal embryo transfer (TET) |
| This procedure involves placement of fertilized eggs (zygotes) or embryos into the fallopian tube. |
| ZIFT is analogous to GIFT in that laparoscopy is needed to place the zygotes in the fallopian tubes. Whereas overall success rates are similar to IVF, ZIFT may offer some advantages to patients with difficult trans-cervical embryo transfer, uterine abnormalities (such as those caused by DES exposure), or recurrent failture with standard IVF |
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