Frequency of adverse drug events by type

Type	Total adverse drug events (n = 815) N (percent)	Preventable adverse drug events (n = 338) N (percent)
Neuropsychiatric	199 (24)	97 (29)
Hemorrhagic	159 (20)	53 (16)
Gastrointestinal	140 (17)	55 (16)
Renal/electrolytes	80 (10)	40 (12)
Metabolic/endocrine	64 (8)	35 (10)
Cardiovascular	36 (4)	15 (4)
Dermatologic	36 (4)	4 (1)
Extrapyramidal symptoms	30 (4)	7 (2)
Fall with injury	21 (3)	17 (5)
Fall without injury	21 (3)	11 (3)
Infection	19 (2)	1 (<1)
Syncope/dizziness	16 (2)	8 (2)
Anticholinergic	9 (1)	3 (1)
Ataxia/difficulty with gait	9 (1)	5 (2)
Hematologic	8 (1)	3 (1)
Respiratory	6 (1)	4 (1)
Anorexia	3 (<1)	2 (<1)
Functional decline	3 (<1)	2 (<1)
Hepatic	1 (<1)	1 (<1)

Adverse drug events could manifest as more than one type. Neuropsychiatric events include oversedation, confusion, hallucinations, and delirium. Anticholinergic effects include dry mouth, dry eyes, urinary retention, and constipation.

Reproduced with permission from: Gurwitz, MD, Field, T, Judge, J, Rochon, P, et al. The incidence of adverse drug events in two large academic long-term care facilities. Am J Med 2005; 118:251. Copyright © 2005 Excerpta Media.

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Frequency of adverse drug events by type