Conditions associated with nonimmune hydrops

• Malformation
  • Left heart hypoplasia
  • Atrioventricular canal defect
  • Right heart hypoplasia
  • Closure of foramen ovale
  • Single ventricle
  • Transposition of the great arteries
  • Ventricular septal defect
  • Atrial septal defect
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Ebstein's anomaly
  • Premature closure of ductus
  • Truncus arteriosus
  • Aortic or pulmonary stenosis
  • Valvular insufficiency
  • AV canal defect
• Tachyarrhythmia
  • Atrial flutter
  • Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
  • Wolff-Parkinson-White
  • Supraventricular tachycardia
• Bradyarrhythmia including complete heart block
• Other arrhythmia (eg, long QT)
• High-output failure
  • Neuroblastoma
  • Sacrococcygeal teratoma
  • Large fetal angioma
  • Placental chorioangioma
  • Umbilical cord hemangioma
• Cardiac tumors
• Other cardiac neoplasia
• Cardiomyopathy
• Cardiosplenic syndromes
• Endocardial fibroelastosis

Aneuploidy and structural abnormalities of chromosomes:

• 45, X
• Trisomy 21
• Trisomy 18
• Trisomy 13
• 18q +
• 13q –
• 45,X mosaic
• Triploidy
• 17q –
• Duplicated 11p

• Thanatophoric dysplasia
• Short rib polydactyly
• Hypophosphatasia
• Osteogenesis imperfecta
• Achondrogenesis
• Camptomelic dysplasia
• Lethal chondroplasia
• Homozygous achondroplasia

Twin pregnancy:

• Twin-twin transfusion syndrome
• Acardiac twin

Hematologic:

• Alpha-thalassemia
• Fetomaternal hemorrhage
• Parvovirus B19 infection
• Fetal hemorrhage
• Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
• Glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency
• Red cell enzyme deficiencies
• Thrombosis of major vessels
• Leukemia
• Red cell aplasias
• Pyruvate kinase deficiency
• Spectrin protein abnormality or deficiency
• Transient myeloproliferative disorder
• Leukemoid reaction in response to congenital infection
• Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, DIC)
• Blackfan Diamond anemia
• Lysosomal diseases
• Fanconi anemia
• Twin-twin transfusion syndrome, twin anemia-polycythemia sequence

Thoracic:

• Congenital pulmonary airway malformation
• Diaphragmatic hernia
• Intrathoracic mass
• Pulmonary sequestration
• Chylothorax
• Airway obstruction
• Pulmonary lymphangiectasia
• Pulmonary neoplasia
• Bronchogenic cyst

Infections:

• Cytomegalovirus
• Toxoplasmosis gondii
• Parvovirus B19
• Syphilis
• Herpes simplex virus
• Rubella virus
• Coxsackievirus
• Leptospirosis
• Trypanosoma cruzi
• Adenovirus
• Varicella
• Listeria
• Respiratory syncytial virus
• Congenital lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

• RASopathies (eg, Noonan's syndrome)
• Arthrogryposis
• Multiple pterygium syndrome
• Neu-Laxova syndrome
• Pena-Shokeir syndrome
• Myotonic dystrophy
• Saldino-Noonan syndrome
• Francois syndrome, type III
• Familial Nuchal Bleb
• Acrocephalopolydactylous dysplasia (Elejalde syndrome)
• Thoracoabdominal syndrome
• Lymphedema distichiasis syndrome
• CHARGE (coloboma, heart defect, atresia choanae, retardation of growth, ear abnormalities and deafness)

Metabolic:

• Gaucher's disease
• GM₁ gangliosidosis
• Sialidosis
• Hurler syndrome
• Mucopolysaccharide (MPS) IVa
• Mucolipidosis type I+II
• Galactosialidosis

Urinary:

• Urethral stenosis or atresia
• Posterior urethral valves
• Congenital nephrosis (Finnish type)
• Prune belly syndrome

Gastrointestinal:

• Midgut volvulus
• Malrotation of the intestines
• Duplication of the intestinal tract
• Meconium peritonitis
• Hepatic fibrosis
• Cholestasis
• Biliary atresia
• Jejunal atresia
• Hepatic vascular malformations
• Hepatitis
• Hepatic necrosis
• Liver tumors or cysts
• Intestinal tumor
• Gastrointestinal obstruction