| By CNS depression | | Opiates | | Barbiturates | | Ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol, isopropyl alcohol | | Sedative-hypnotics (usually if co-ingested with another CNS depressant) | | Tricyclic antidepressants | | Clonidine | | By impairing oxygen diffusion | | Opiates | | Salicylates | | Hydrocarbons (aspiration pneumonitis) | | Paraquat | | Smoke inhalation | | Phosgene and chlorine | | By complications | | Any CNS depressant can result in aspiration. | | | By paralysis of the ventilatory muscles | | Neuromuscular blockers (pancuronium, vecuronium, succinylcholine, etc.) | | Organophosphates and carbamates | | Snakebites | | Tetanus toxin | | Strychnine | | Botulinum toxin | | Simple asphyxiants (Displace oxygen in the lungs) | | Methane | | Propane | | Nitrogen | | Carbon dioxide | | Cellular asphyxiants (Inability to deliver or utilize oxygen by the cell) | | Carbon monoxide | | Cyanide | | Hydrogen sulfide | | Methemoglobinemia | | Sulfhemoglobinemia | |
