Version June 2024
| Methods to distinguish from ADHD | |
| Developmental abnormalities or variations | |
| Intellectual disability | Psychometric testing |
| Giftedness | Psychometric testing |
| Normal variation | History |
| Neurologic or developmental disorders | |
| Learning disability | Psychometric testing |
| Language or communication disorder | Psychological testing; speech and language evaluation |
| Autism spectrum disorders | History; structured observation |
| Neurodevelopmental syndromes (eg, fetal alcohol syndrome, fragile X syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy) | History; examination; genetic testing |
| Seizure disorder | History; electroencephalography if clinically indicated |
| Sequelae of central nervous system trauma or infection | History |
| Motor coordination disorder | History; examination; occupational therapy evaluation |
| Emotional/behavioral disorders | |
| Depression or mood disorder | Broadband behavior or specific condition rating scale; mental health evaluation |
| Anxiety disorder | Broadband behavior or specific condition rating scale; mental health evaluation |
| Oppositional defiant disorder | Broadband behavior scale; mental health evaluation |
| Conduct disorder | Broadband behavior scale; mental health evaluation |
| Obsessive compulsive disorder | Broadband behavior or specific condition rating scale; mental health evaluation |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | Broadband behavior or specific condition rating scale; mental health evaluation |
| Adjustment disorder | Broadband behavior scale; mental health evaluation |
| Psychosocial or environmental problems | |
| Child abuse or neglect | Medical history; psychosocial history; examination |
| Stressful home environment | Psychosocial history |
| Inadequate or punitive parenting | Psychosocial history |
| Parental psychopathology or substance abuse | Psychosocial history |
| Inappropriate educational setting | Symptoms occur at school but not at home |
| Frequent school absence | Psychosocial history |
| Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) | |
| Examples of ACEs that can lead to a prolonged stress response ("toxic stress") include: | |
| Physical/emotional abuse | Psychosocial history |
| Chronic neglect | Psychosocial history |
| Chronic family hardship | Psychosocial history |
| Family mental illness | Psychosocial history |
| Community violence | Psychosocial history |
| Selected medical conditions | |
| Hearing or vision impairment | Hearing and vision screen |
| Sleep disorder | History; sleep study as indicated by clinical findings |
| Iron deficiency anemia | Complete blood count and other hematologic studies as indicated |
| Lead poisoning | Measurement of blood lead level |
| Endocrine disorders (eg, thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus) | Laboratory studies as indicated by clinical findings |
| Cardiac disorders (eg, heart failure) | Medical history; echocardiograph/pediatric cardiology consultation as indicated |
| Substance abuse | History; toxicology screening |
| Food allergy | History; allergy testing as indicated |
| Undernutrition | Assessment of growth parameters |
| Medication side effects | History |
ADHD: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
* These conditions may mimic or co-occur with ADHD.آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟
