Volatile inhalant toxicities

Toxicity	Agent
Acute toxicity
CNS (euphoria, hallucinations, lethargy, seizures, coma, central respiratory depression)	All
Cardiovascular (ventricular arrhythmias, sudden death)	All
Pulmonary hypoxia	All
Chemical pneumonitis	Chlorinated hydrocarbons, benzene, styrene, xylene
Pulmonary edema	Freons (Chlorofluorocarbons)
Upper airway cold injury with edema	Freons (Chlorofluorocarbons)
Frostbite	Freons (Chlorofluorocarbons)
Methemoglobinemia	Amyl, butyl, and isobutyl nitrites
Carbon monoxide poisoning	Methylene chloride
Chronic toxicity
Leukoencephalopathy (dementia, ataxia, anosmia, eye movement disorder)	Toluene
Myeloneuropathy (distal paresthesias, posterior spinal tract abnormalities)	Nitrous oxide
Sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy (distal paresthesias, ascending weakness and/or paralysis)	n-Hexane
Hepatotoxicity	Chlorinated hydrocarbons, toluene
Hypokalemia, hematuria, albuminuria, and pyuria	Toluene

CNS: central nervous system.

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