Version August 2025
| History |
| Age over 65 |
| Immunocompromise (eg, HIV, chronic glucocorticoid treatment) |
| Alcohol use disorder (risk of hepatitis, cirrhosis, pancreatitis) |
| Cardiovascular disease (eg, CAD, PVD, hypertension, atrial fibrillation) |
| Major comorbidities (eg, cancer, diverticulosis, gallstones, IBD, pancreatitis, kidney failure) |
| Prior surgery or recent GI instrumentation (risk of obstruction, perforation) |
| Early pregnancy (risk of ectopic pregnancy) |
| Pain characteristics |
| Sudden onset |
| Maximal at onset |
| Pain then subsequent vomiting |
| Constant pain of less than two days duration |
| Exam findings |
| Tense or rigid abdomen |
| Involuntary guarding |
| Signs of shock |
