Version May 2024
| Clinical disorders |
| Chronic kidney disease of any form |
| Lead nephropathy (saturnine gout) |
| Effective volume depletion (eg, fluid losses, heart failure) |
| Diabetic or starvation ketoacidosis |
| Lactic acidosis |
| Preeclampsia |
| Obesity and high circulating insulin |
| Rare monogenic disorders causing decreased uric acid clearance |
| Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease caused by UMOD pathogenic variants |
| Glomerulocystic kidney disease |
| Common variants in genes encoding transporters that regulate renal or gut uric acid clearance (numerous; genes with largest reported effect are shown), not currently tested in clinical practice |
| SLC2A9 |
| ABCG2 |
| SLC17A1 |
| SLC22A11 |
| PDZK1 |
| SLC16A9 |
| SLC22A12 |
| Drug- or diet-induced decreased uric acid clearance |
| Diuretics (thiazides and loop diuretics) |
| Cyclosporine and tacrolimus |
| Low-dose salicylates |
| Ethambutol |
| Pyrazinamide |
| Ethanol |
| Levodopa |
| Laxative abuse (alkalosis) |
| Salt restriction |
| Nicotinic acid |
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