T cell receptor signaling

TCR: T cell receptor; CD: cluster of differentiation; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol; AKT: a serine/threonine kinase, also known as protein kinase B; PAG: phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains; Fyn: a tyrosinase kinase protooncogene; Csk: cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase; Lyp: lymphoid phosphatase; LCK: lymphocyte-specific protein-tyrosine kinase; ZAP70: zeta-chain-associated protein kinase; CBL: Casitas B-lineage lymphoma protooncogene; VAV: a protooncogene; Rac: RAS-related botulinum toxin substrate; Mekk1: mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1; JNK: C-Jun kinase (mitogen-activated protein kinase 8); p38: 38 KD protein (mitogen-activated protein kinase 14); ATF2: activating transcription factor 2; cdc42: cell division cycle 42; WASP: Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein; PAK: p21 activated kinase; LAT: linker for activation of T cells; ITK: interleukin-2-inducible T cell kinase; Gads: glutamate decarboxylase; Nck: an adapter protein; SLP76: SH2 domain-containing leukocyte protein 76; PLC1: phospholipase C, gamma-1; GRB2: growth factor receptor-bound protein 2; SOS: a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras; DAG: diacylglycerol; rasGRP: rasGuanyl nucleotide-releasing protein; RAS: rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog; Raf1: V-Raf1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1; MEK1/2: MAPK/ERK kinase 1; ERK1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; ELK1: member of ET3 oncogene family; PKCθ: protein kinase theta; IKK: IKB kinase; IkB: inhibitor of Kappa light chain gene enhancer in B cells; NFKB: nuclear factor kappa-B; PIP₂: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate; IP₃: inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate; IP3R: IP3 receptor; Ca²⁺: ionized calcium; STIM1: stromal interaction molecule 1; ORAI: orai calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1; NFAT: nuclear factor of activated T cells.