Pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndrome

ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARBs: angiotensin II receptor blockers; CO: cardiac output; CVP: central venous pressure; LVEDP: left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; ETs: endothelins; NO: nitric oxide; NP: natriuretic peptides; NSAIDs: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; RAAS: renal angiotensin aldosterone system; SNS: sympathetic nervous system; SV: stroke volume; GFR: glomerular filtration rate.