The dystrophin associated protein complex

Dystrophin is located on the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane of muscle fibers. Arrows indicate the protein components mutated in various muscular dystrophies. Alterations in the dystrophin gene cause Becker and Duchenne muscular dystrophies. Mutations in the sarcoglycan proteins, caveolin-3 and dysferlin, lead to limb girdle muscular dystrophies. The laminin a2-chain is mutated in a subtype of congenital muscular dystrophy without structural brain anomalies, as is a7-integrin.