Version May 2024
| Uterine factors (hypocontractile uterine activity) |
| Older maternal age |
| Uterine abnormality |
| Maternal obesity |
| Neuraxial anesthesia |
| Bandl's ring |
| Nulliparity |
| Tocolytics, uterine relaxants |
| Infection |
| Pelvic factors |
| Pelvic contraction (eg, thin subpubic arch, prominent sacrum) |
| Short stature (less than 150 cm [4 feet 11 inches]) |
| High station at full dilation |
| Fetal factors |
| Fetal anomaly resulting in cephalopelvic dystocia |
| Non-occiput anterior position |
| Large for gestational/macrosomia |
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