Type of exercise | Description |
Flexibility exercises | |
Static stretching | Target muscle is stretched and held for 30 seconds or longer |
Progressive velocity flexibility program | Stretches muscles at higher velocities over time |
Strengthening exercises | |
Isometric | Muscle contracts without changing length |
Isotonic | Muscle contracts against fixed resistance throughout its arc of motion |
Isokinetic | The speed of muscle contraction is constant |
Concentric | Contract or shorten muscles during exercise (eg, flexion phase of biceps curl) |
Eccentric | Controlled lengthening of the muscle against resistance (eg, extension phase of biceps curl) |
Closed kinetic chain | Distal extremity is fixed (eg, squat) |
Open kinetic chain | Distal extremity is not fixed (eg, straight leg raise in supine) |
Functional | Strengthen muscles in their position of normal use or function; generally replicate movements or patterns of movements used in sports activity |
Endurance exercises | High-repetition, low-load |
Power exercises | |
Plyometric activities (eg, bouncing, box jumps, rebounders, and explosive/ballistic exercise) | Use the stretch-shortening cycle to get a greater force of contraction |
Agility drills | Figure-eight running, zigzag running, shuttle running, carioca, retro running, cross-over cutting |
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