Differential diagnosis of locked-in syndrome

	Distinguishing clinical features	Anatomical lesion
Locked-in syndrome	Quadriplegia with preserved vertical eye movements and consciousness	Pontine base
Coma	Unresponsive to stimuli, does not follow commands	Bilateral cerebral or upper brain stem
Akinetic mutism	No spontaneity or motivation	Bifrontal, deep gray matter, upper brain stem
Catatonia	Maintenance of body posture	No CNS lesions
Persistent vegetative state	No higher cortical functions, does not follow commands, retained cardiovascular and respiratory functions	Diffuse cerebral hemisphere

CNS: central nervous system.

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