ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻗﺒﻠﯽ
خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
نسخه الکترونیک
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Secondary causes of osteoporosis in premenopausal women

Secondary causes of osteoporosis in premenopausal women
Anorexia nervosa
Gastrointestinal malabsorption (eg, celiac disease, postoperative states)
Vitamin D and/or calcium deficiency
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Cushing syndrome
Hypogonadism (hypogonadotropic or hypergonadotropic)
Hypercalciuria
Rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions
Alcoholism
Kidney disease
Liver disease
Homocystinuria
Hereditary hemochromatosis
HIV infection and/or medications
Diabetes (types 1 and 2)
Bone marrow processes
  • Systemic mastocytosis
  • Gaucher disease
  • Thalassemia major
Medications
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Immunosuppressants (cyclosporine)
  • Antiseizure medications (particularly phenobarbital and phenytoin)
  • GnRH agonists (when used to suppress ovulation)
  • Heparin
  • Chemotherapy leading to amenorrhea
  • Thiazolidinediones
  • Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
Possible contributors
  • Excess thyroid hormone
  • Depression and/or SSRI use
  • Proton pump inhibitors
GnRH: gonadotropin-releasing hormone; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
Courtesy of Carolyn Becker, MD and Adi Cohen, MD.
Graphic 64403 Version 13.0

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