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Physiologic effects of high altitude

Physiologic effects of high altitude
High altitude: 1500 to 3500 m (4921-11,483 ft)
High-altitude illness common with abrupt ascent to above 2500 m (8202 ft)
Decreased exercise performance and increased ventilation
Minor impairment in SpO2, usually at least 90 percent; PaO2 significantly diminished 55 to 75 mmHg
Very high altitude: 3500 to 5500 m (11,483-18,045 ft)
Most common range for severe high-altitude illness
Abrupt ascent may be dangerous; requires a period of acclimatization
SpO2 75 to 85 percent; PaO2 40 to 60 mmHg
Extreme hypoxia may occur during sleep, exercise and high-altitude illness
Extreme altitude: 5500 to 8850 m (18,045-29,035 ft)
Progressive deterioration of physiologic function eventually outstrips acclimatization
Above the highest permanent human habitation
Abrupt ascent almost always precipitates severe high-altitude illness
A period of acclimatization necessary to ascend to extreme altitude
Severe hypoxia and hypocapnia; SpO2 58 to 75 percent, PaO2 28 to 40 mmHg
SaO2: arterial oxygen saturation; PaO2: arterial PO2; PO2: partial pressure of oxygen.
Data from: Hackett, PH, Roach, RC. High-Altitude Medicine. In: Wilderness Medicine, 5th ed, Auerbach, PS (Ed), Mosby, Philadelphia 2007.
Graphic 63999 Version 3.0

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