Causes of acute kidney injury in newborns

Prerenal

Hypovolemia

Hypotension

Hypoxemia

Heart failure

Dehydration

Septicemia

Hypoalbuminemia

Perinatal asphyxia/respiratory distress syndrome

Congenital heart disease/cardiac surgery

Polycythemia

Pharmacologic agents^*

Postrenal

Posterior urethral valves

Bilateral obstructive uropathy

Neurogenic bladder

Intrinsic renal

Acute tubular necrosis

Corticomedullary necrosis

Renal venous/arterial thrombosis

Acute pyelonephritis

Hemoglobin/myoglobin

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Isoimmune hemolytic disease with massive hemoglobinuira

Congenital kidney anomalies (renal agenesis, cystic disease/dysplasia, polycystic kidney disease, congenital nephrotic syndrome)

Infections (eg, pyelonephritis)

Intrauterine infections (eg, candidiasis, toxoplasmosis)

Toxic nephropathy due to pharmacologic agents

* Includes agents such as prostaglandin inhibitors (indomethacin), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (captopril), and vasodilators. Drugs, such as aminoglycosides, amphotericin, and radiocontrast agents, cause prerenal as well as intrinsic kidney function impairment.

Graphic 63913 Version 6.0

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Causes of acute kidney injury in newborns