Study | Study year | Outcome | Rate (%) by gestational week | Comment | ||||
22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | Total | ||||
Bell[1] | 2013 to 2016 | Moderate to severe CP | 23 | 18 | 11 | 6 | 10 | Defined as GMFCS level 2 or greater |
Cognitive impairment | 26 | 23 | 21 | 12 | 17 | Defined as Bayley-III composite cognitive score <70 | ||
Motor impairment | 23 | 28 | 22 | 12 | 18 | Defined as Bayley-III composite motor score <70 | ||
Younge[2] | 2000 to 2003 | Impairment | 67 | 65 | 44 | N/A | N/A | Neurodevelopmental impairment assessed at 18 to 24 months and defined as: Moderate or severe CP, moderate to severe gross motor impairment, deafness, blindness, or cognitive impairment based on Bayley-II (2000 to 2005) or Bayley-III (2006 to 2011) scores |
2004 to 2007 | Impairment | 69 | 43 | 45 | N/A | N/A | ||
2008 to 2011 | Impairment | 63 | 46 | 42 | N/A | N/A | ||
Carlo[3] | 1993 to 2009 | Impairment | MDI or PDI ≤70, moderate or severe CP, blindness, or bilateral hearing loss requiring amplification at 18 to 22 months corrected age | |||||
ANS | 59 | 55 | 42 | 34 | 39 | |||
No ANS | 56 | 56 | 52 | 44 | 49 | |||
CP | Moderate or severe CP | |||||||
ANS | 14 | 11 | 10 | 7 | 9 | |||
No ANS | 16 | 19 | 12 | 9 | 12 | |||
Serenius[4] | 2004 to 2007 | Mild | 40 | 19 | 33 | 29 | 29 | Mild disability: scores on any Bayley-III scales between 1 and 2 SD below the mean or mild CP at 2.5 years corrected age |
Moderate | 20 | 30 | 21 | 17 | 20 | Moderate disability: scores on any Bayley-III scales between 2 and 3 SD below the mean, moderate CP, or moderate visual or hearing impairment at 2.5 years corrected age | ||
Severe | 40 | 21 | 13 | 10 | 13 | Severe disability: score >3 SD below the mean for any of the Bayley-III scales, severe CP, or bilateral blindness or deafness at 2.5 years corrected age | ||
EPICure2[5] | 2006 | Severe Impairment | 10 | 29 | 19 | 16 | 10 | Neurodevelopmental impairment assessed between 27 and 48 months of age. Severe impairment defined as blindness, non-ambulant CP, deafness, and a developmental quotient (DQ) <3 SD below the mean. Moderate impairment defined as ambulant CP, functionally impaired vision, hearing loss improved by hearing aids, and DQ between 2 and 3 SD. |
Moderate impairment | 42 | 18 | 16 | 12 | 10 | |||
Ishii[6] | 2003 to 2005 | Impairment | 52 | 57 | 37 | 37 | 42 | Moderate to severe CP, hearing impairment requiring amplification, blindness in one or both eyes, or a score of <70 at 36 to 42 months corrected age on the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development (KSPD) |
Profound impairment | 30 | 40 | 16 | 17 | 23 | Severe CP or a score <50 at 36 to 42 months corrected age on KSPD | ||
Tyson[7] | 1998 to 2003 | Impairment | 80 | 65 | 50 | 36 | 47 | MDI or PDI <70, moderate or severe CP, blindness, or bilateral hearing loss requiring amplification at 18 to 22 months corrected age |
Profound impairment | 60 | 38 | 23 | 17 | 24 | MDI or PDI <50 or severe gross motor deficit requiring adult assistance to move at 18 to 22 months corrected age | ||
Epipage[8] | 1997 | CP | N/A | 33 | 13 | 16.3 | 16 | As defined by European Surveillance of CP Network at two years |
Cognitive score <70 | N/A | 0 | 23 | 12 | 14 | K-ABC test at five to six years in 57% of children without severe disability | ||
EPICure1[9] | 1995 | CP | N/A | 13 | 21 | 20 | 20 | As defined by European Surveillance of CP Network at two years |
Cognitive score <70 | N/A | 11 | 14 | 7 | 10 | K-ABC test at five to six years in 64% of children without severe disability |
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