Version May 2024
| Vitamin | Deficiency syndrome |
| Water-soluble vitamins | |
| Vitamin B1 (thiamine) | Beriberi – Congestive heart failure (wet beriberi), aphonia, peripheral neuropathy, Wernicke encephalopathy (nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia), confusion, or coma |
| Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) | Nonspecific symptoms including edema of mucous membranes, angular stomatitis, glossitis, and seborrheic dermatitis (eg, nose, scrotum) |
| Niacin (nicotinic acid) | Pellagra – Dermatitis on areas exposed to sunlight; diarrhea with vomiting, dysphagia, mouth inflammation (glossitis, angular stomatitis, cheilitis); headache, dementia, peripheral neuropathy, loss of memory, psychosis, delirium, catatonia |
| Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal) | Anemia, weakness, insomnia, difficulty walking, peripheral neuropathy, nasolabial seborrheic dermatitis, cheilosis, stomatitis |
| Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) | Megaloblastic anemia (pernicious anemia), peripheral neuropathy with impaired proprioception; may include axonal or optic neuropathy and slowed mentation |
| Folate | Megaloblastic anemia; may include sensory predominant neuropathy |
| Biotin | Nonspecific symptoms including altered mental status, myalgia, dysesthesias, anorexia, maculosquamous dermatitis |
| Pantothenate | Nonspecific symptoms including paresthesias, dysesthesias ("burning feet"), anemia, gastrointestinal symptoms |
| Vitamin C (ascorbate) | Scurvy – Fatigue, petechiae, ecchymoses, bleeding gums, depression, dry skin, impaired wound healing |
| Fat-soluble vitamins | |
| Vitamin A (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid) | Night blindness, xerophthalmia, keratomalacia, Bitot spot, follicular hyperkeratosis |
| Vitamin D (cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol) | Rickets, osteomalacia, craniotabes, rachitic rosary |
| Vitamin E (tocopherols) | Sensory and motor neuropathy, ataxia, retinal degeneration, hemolytic anemia |
| Vitamin K (phylloquinone, menaquinone, menadione) | Hemorrhagic disease |
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