Pathogens causing travelers' diarrhea

Bacteria

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
Campylobacter jejuni
Salmonella species
Shigella species
Clostridioides difficile
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. cholerae less common)
Aeromonas hydrophila
Plesiomonas shigelloides
Yersinia enterocolitica

Viruses

Norovirus
Rotavirus
Enteric adenovirus
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Parasites

Giardia lamblia
Cryptosporidium parvum
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Microsporidia
Cystoisospora belli
Entamoeba histolytica (not common)

There is geographic variation to the microbial distribution of travelers' diarrhea. In Southeast Asia, Campylobacter species are the most common cause of travelers' diarrhea, whereas ETEC is the predominant pathogen in travelers to Latin America/Caribbean, Africa, and the Middle East.

Graphic 62537 Version 8.0

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Pathogens causing travelers' diarrhea