Medications (eg, digoxin, theophylline, SSRIs, antibiotics) |
Emotional (eg, depression, anxiety) |
Alcoholism, older adult abuse |
Late-life paranoia or bereavement |
Swallowing problems |
Oral factors (tooth loss, xerostomia) |
Nosocomial infections (eg, tuberculosis, pneumonia) |
Wandering and other dementia-related factors |
Hyperthyroidism, hypercalcemia, hypoadrenalism |
Enteral problems (eg, esophageal stricture, gluten enteropathy) |
Eating problems |
Low salt, low cholesterol, and other therapeutic diets |
Social isolation, stones (chronic cholecystitis) |
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