Differential diagnosis of acute weakness organized anatomically

Central
Cerebrum	Stroke
	Space occupying/structural lesion
	Postictal (Todd) paralysis
	Multiple sclerosis
	Other inflammatory conditions
Subcortex/brainstem	Stroke
Spinal cord	Acute transverse myelitis
	Spinal cord infarct
	Spinal epidural or subdural hemorrhage
	Central intervertebral disc herniation
	Tumors (metastatic or primary)
	Multiple sclerosis
Peripheral
Spinal nerve root	Intervertebral disc herniation
	Epidural abscess
	Tumors
	Leptomeningeal metastases
Polyneuropathies	Guillain-Barré syndrome
	Diabetic
	Ciguatoxin (ciguatera poisoning)
	Saxitoxin (paralytic shellfish poisoning)
	Tetrodotoxin poisoning (pufferfish poisoning)
	Porphyria
	Lead or other heavy metal poisoning
	Alcohol or drug induced
Plexopathies	Brachial
Plexopathies	Lumbar
Peripheral neuropathies	Nerve compression syndromes
NMJ Disorder	Myasthenia gravis
	Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
	Botulism
	Organophosphate poisoning
	Tick paralysis
Myopathy	Electrolyte induced
	Inflammatory (polymyositis)
	Alcohol or drug induced
	Muscular dystrophy
	Endocrine related
Nonphysiologic/noncategorical
Conversion disorder
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)
Anxiety disorders
Fibromyalgia
Malingering

The italic bulleted content indicates common conditions, where the bold bulleted content indicates serious conditions. Bold italic bulleted content indicates common serious conditions.

Reprinted with permission from: Asimos, AW. Weakness: A Systematic Approach to Acute, Non-traumatic, Neurologic and Neuromuscular Causes. Emergency Medicine Practice 2002; 4:1. Copyright © 2002 EB Practice, LLC. All rights reserved. http://www.ebmedicine.net.

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Differential diagnosis of acute weakness organized anatomically